Abstract
We suppose that folding of proteins occurs cotranslationally by the following scheme. The polypeptide chains enter the folding sites from protein translocation complexes (ribosome, translocation machinery incorporated in membranes) directionally with the N-terminus and gradually. The chain starts to fold as soon as its N-terminal residue enters the folding site from the translocation complex. The folding process accompanies the translocation of the chain to its folding site and is completed after the C-terminal residue leaves the translocation complex. Proteins fold in sequential stages, by translocation of their polypeptide into folding compartments. At each stage a particular conformation of the N-terminal part of the chain that has emerged from the translocation complex is formed. The formation of both the particular conformations of the N-terminal chain segment at each folding stage and the final native protein conformation at the last stage occurs in a time that does not exceed the duration of the fastest elongation cycle on the ribosome.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Jaenicke, R. (1987) Prog.Biophys.Mol.Biol., 49, 117-237.
Basharov, M. A. (2000) Biochemistry (Moscow), 65, 1184-1191.
Cowie, D. B., Spiegelman, S., Roberts, R. B., and Dureksen, J. D. (1961) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 47, 114-122.
Zipser, D., and Perrin, D. (1963) Cold Spring Harbor Symp.Quant.Biol., 28, 533-537.
Kiho, Y., and Rich, A. (1964) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 51, 111-118.
Kolb, V. A., Makeyev, E. V., and Spirin, A. S. (1994) EMBO J., 13, 3631-3637.
Fedorov, A. N., and Baldwin, T. O. (1995) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 92, 1227-1231.
Kudlicki, W., Chirgwin, J., Kramer, G., and Hardesty, B. (1995) Biochemistry, 34, 14284-14287.
Kudlicki, W., Kitaoka, Y., Odom, O. W., Kramer, G., and Hardesty, B. (1995) J.Mol.Biol., 252, 203-212.
Makeyev, E. V., Kolb, V. A., and Spirin, A. S. (1996) FEBS Lett., 378, 166-170.
Hamlin, J., and Jabin, I. (1972) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 69, 412-416.
Friguet, B., Djavadi-Ohaniance, L., King, J., and Goldberg, M. E. (1994) J.Biol.Chem., 269, 15945-15949.
Tsalkova, T., and Hardesty, B. (1998) in Protein Structure, Stability and Folding. Int.Symp., Moscow, ONTI, PNC RAN, Pushchino, p. 178.
Bergman, L. W., and Kuehl, W. N. (1979) J.Biol.Chem., 254, 5690-5694, 8869-8876.
Peters, T., and Davidson, L. K. (1982) J.Biol.Chem., 257, 8847-8852.
Politt, S., and Zalkin, H. (1983) J.Bacteriol., 153, 27-32.
Chen, W., Helenius, J., Braakman, I., and Helenius, A. (1995) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 92, 6229-6233.
Mullet, J. E., Klein, P. G., and Klein, R. R. (1990) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 87, 4038-4042.
Kim, J., Klein, P. G., and Mullet, J. E. (1991) J.Biol.Chem., 266, 14931-14938.
Komar, A. A., Kommer, A., Krasheninnikov, I. A., and Spirin, A. S. (1993) FEBS Lett., 326, 261-263.
Krasheninnikov, I. A., Komar, A. A., and Adzhubei, I. A. (1991) J.Protein Chem., 10, 445-454.
Komar, A. A., Kommer, A., Krasheninnikov, I. A., and Spirin, A. S. (1997) J.Biol.Chem., 272, 10646-10651.
Frydman, J., Nimmesgern, E., Ohtsuka, K., and Hartl, F. U. (1994) Nature, 370, 111-117.
Hansen, W. J., Lingappa, V. R., and Welch, W. J. (1994) J.Biol.Chem., 269, 26610-26613.
Reid, B. J., and Flynn, G. C. (1996) J.Biol.Chem., 271, 7212-7217.
Lim, V. I., and Spirin, A. S. (1986) J.Mol.Biol., 51, 111-118.
Fedorov, A. N., and Baldwin, T. O. (1997) J.Biol.Chem., 272, 32715-32718.
Blobel, G., and Dobberstein, B. (1975) J.Cell Biol., 67, 835-851, 852-862.
Gething, M.-J., and Sambrook, J. (1992) Nature, 355, 33-45.
Kubrich, M., Dietmeier, K., and Pfanner, N. (1995) Curr.Genet., 27, 393-403.
Rothman, J. E. (1996) Protein Sci., 5, 185-194.
Rapoport, T. A., Jungnickel, B., and Kutay, U. (1996) Ann. Rev.Biochem., 65, 271-303.
Schatz, G., and Dobberstein, B. (1996) Science, 271, 1519-1526.
Ellis, R. J., and van der Vies, S. M. (1991) Ann.Rev.Biochem., 60, 321-347.
Ellis, R. J., and Hartl, F.-U. (1996) FASEB J., 10, 20-26.
Spirin, A. S. (1986) Ribosome Structure and Protein Biosynthesis, The Benjamin Cammings Publ. Co., Inc., New York-London.
Wilson, K. S., and Noller, H. F. (1998) Cell, 92, 337-349.
Peters, T., Jr. (1962) J.Biol.Chem., 237, 1186-1189.
Knopf, P. M., and Lampfrom, H. (1964) Biochim.Biophys.Acta, 95, 398-407.
Palmiter, R. D. (1975) Cell, 4, 189-197.
Haschemeyer, A. E. V. (1976) Trends Biochem.Sci., 1, 133-136.
Lodish, H. F. (1976) Ann.Rev.Biochem., 45, 39-72.
Chavancy, G., and Garel, J.-P. (1981) Biochimie, 63, 187-195.
Gehrke, L., Bast, R. E., and Ilan, J. (1981) J.Biol.Chem., 256, 2522-2530.
Ramamhadaran, T. V., and Thack, R. E. (1981) J.Virol., 39, 573-583.
Ballinger, D. G., and Pardue, M. L. (1983) Cell, 33, 103-114.
Varenne, S., Buc, J., Lloubes, R., and Lazdunski, C. (1984) J.Mol.Biol., 180, 549-576.
Sorensen, M. A., Kurland, C. G., and Pedersen, S. (1989) J.Mol.Biol., 207, 365-377.
Sorensen, M. A., and Pedersen, S. (1991) J.Mol.Biol., 222, 265-280.
Laughrea, M. (1981) Biochimie, 63, 145-168.
Kurland, C. G. (1987) Trends Biochem.Sci., 12, 126-128.
Schwarz, G. (1965) J.Mol.Biol., 11, 64-77.
Eigen, M. (1968) Chim.Phys., 65, 53.
Schwarz, G. (1968) Biopolymers, 6, 873-897.
Williams, S., Causgrove, T. P., Gilmanshin, R., Fang, K. S., Callender, R. H., Woodruff, W. H., and Dyer, R. B. (1996) Biochemistry, 35, 691-697.
Garel, J.-R., and Baldwin, R. L. (1973) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 70, 3347-3351.
Kato, S., Okamura, H., Shimamoto, N., and Utiyama, H. (1981) Biochemistry, 20, 1080-1085.
Kuwajima, K., Hiraoka, Y., Ikeguchi, M., and Sugai, S. (1985) Biochemistry, 24, 874-881.
Schwarz, H. S., Hinz, H.-J., Mehlich, A., Tschesche, H., and Wenzel, H. R. (1987) Biochemistry, 26, 3544-3551.
Creighton, T. E. (1995) Curr.Biol., 5, 353-356.
Schindler, T., and Schmid, F. X. (1996) Biochemistry, 35, 16833-16842.
Arrington, C. B., and Robertson, A. D. (1997) Biochemistry, 36, 8686-8691.
Eaton, W. A., Munoz, V., Thompson, P. A., Chan, C.-K., and Hofricher, J. (1997) Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol., 7, 10-14.
Kiefhaber, T., Bachmann, A., Wildegger, G., and Wagner, C. (1997) Biochemistry, 36, 5108-5112.
Sosnick, T. R., Shtilerman, M. D., Mayne, L., and Englander, S. W. (1997) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 94, 8545-8550.
Purvis, I. J., Bettany, A. J. E., Santiago, T. C., Coggins, J. R., Duncan, K., Eason, R., and Brown, A. J. P. (1987) J.Mol.Biol., 193, 413-417.
Krasheninnikov, I. A., Komar, A. A., and Adzhubei, I. A. (1989) Biokhimiya, 54, 187-200.
Lim, V. I. (1991) Biofizika, 36, 441-454.
Simon, S. M., and Blobel, J. (1991) Cell, 65, 371-380.
Crowley, K. S., Liao, S., Worrell, V. E., Reinhart, G. D., and Johnson, A. E. (1994) Cell, 78, 461-471.
Haucke, V., and Schatz, G. (1997) Trends Cell Biol., 7, 103-106.
Matlack, K. E. S., Mothes, W., and Rapoport, T. A. (1998) Cell, 92, 381-390.
Walter, P., and Johnson, A. E. (1994) Ann.Rev.Biochem., 60, 321-347.
Yonath, A., Leonard, K. R., and Wittman, H. G. (1987) Science, 236, 813-816.
Ryabova, L. A., Selivanova, O. M., Baranov, V. I., Vasiliev, V. D., and Spirin, A. S. (1988) FEBS Lett., 226, 255-260.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Basharov, M.A. Cotranslational Folding of Proteins. Biochemistry (Moscow) 65, 1380–1384 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002800822475
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002800822475