Revisiting the Valence and Conduction Band Size Dependence of PbS Quantum Dot Thin Films

Miller, Elisa M.; Kroupa, Daniel M.; Zhang, Jianbing; Schulz, Philip; Marshall, Ashley R.; Kahn, Antoine; Lany, Stephan; Luther, Joseph M.; Beard, Matthew C.; Perkins, Craig L.; van de Lagemaat, Jao

doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b06833

Title: Revisiting the Valence and Conduction Band Size Dependence of PbS Quantum Dot Thin Films

Journal Article · Fri Feb 19 00:00:00 EST 2016 · ACS Nano

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b06833· OSTI ID:1371211

Miller, Elisa M. ^[1]; Kroupa, Daniel M. ^[2]; Zhang, Jianbing ^[3]; Schulz, Philip ^[4]; Marshall, Ashley R. ^[2]; Kahn, Antoine ^[5]; Lany, Stephan ^[1]; Luther, Joseph M. ^[1]; Beard, Matthew C. ^[1]; Perkins, Craig L. ^[1]; van de Lagemaat, Jao ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology, Wuhan (China)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)

We use a high signal-to-noise X-ray photoelectron spectrum of bulk PbS, GW calculations, and a model assuming parabolic bands to unravel the various X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectral features of bulk PbS as well as determine how to best analyze the valence band region of PbS quantum dot (QD) films. X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) are commonly used to probe the difference between the Fermi level and valence band maximum (VBM) for crystalline and thin-film semiconductors. However, we find that when the standard XPS/UPS analysis is used for PbS, the results are often unrealistic due to the low density of states at the VBM. Instead, a parabolic band model is used to determine the VBM for the PbS QD films, which is based on the bulk PbS experimental spectrum and bulk GW calculations. Our analysis highlights the breakdown of the Brillioun zone representation of the band diagram for large band gap, highly quantum confined PbS QDs. We have also determined that in 1,2-ethanedithiol-treated PbS QD films the Fermi level position is dependent on the QD size; specifically, the smallest band gap QD films have the Fermi level near the conduction band minimum and the Fermi level moves away from the conduction band for larger band gap PbS QD films. Here, this change in the Fermi level within the QD band gap could be due to changes in the Pb:S ratio. In addition, we use inverse photoelectron spectroscopy to measure the conduction band region, which has similar challenges in the analysis of PbS QD films due to a low density of states near the conduction band minimum.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Next Generation of Materials by Design: Incorporating Metastability (CNGMD); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics (CASP)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-99GO10337; AC52-06NA25396; DMR-1005892

OSTI ID:: 1371211

Journal Information:: ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 3; Related Information: CNGMD partners with National Renewable Energy Laboratory (lead); Colorado School of Mines; Harvard University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Oregon State University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; ISSN 1936-0851

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 103 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (59)

Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Quantum Dot Arrays and Applications of Multiple Exciton Generation to Third-Generation Photovoltaic Solar Cells Nozik, A. J.; Beard, M. C.; Luther, J. M. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 110, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900289f	journal	November 2010
Prospects of Colloidal Nanocrystals for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications Talapin, Dmitri V.; Lee, Jong-Soo; Kovalenko, Maksym V. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 110, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900137k	journal	January 2010
Quantum dot solar cells Nozik, A. J. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Vol. 14, Issue 1-2, p. 115-120 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-9477(02)00374-0	journal	April 2002
Carrier Multiplication in Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Influence of Size, Shape, and Composition Padilha, Lazaro A.; Stewart, John T.; Sandberg, Richard L. Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 46, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar300228x	journal	March 2013
Third Generation Photovoltaics based on Multiple Exciton Generation in Quantum Confined Semiconductors Beard, Matthew C.; Luther, Joseph M.; Semonin, Octavi E. Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 46, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar3001958	journal	October 2012
A simple model for the ionization potential, electron affinity, and aqueous redox potentials of small semiconductor crystallites Brus, L. E. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 79, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.445676	journal	December 1983
Energy Level Modification in Lead Sulfide Quantum Dot Thin Films through Ligand Exchange Brown, Patrick R.; Kim, Donghun; Lunt, Richard R. ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn500897c	journal	May 2014
Hybrid nanocrystals-organic-semiconductor light sensor Aqua, T.; Naaman, R.; Aharoni, A. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2940230	journal	June 2008
Improved performance and stability in quantum dot solar cells through band alignment engineering Chuang, Chia-Hao M.; Brown, Patrick R.; Bulović, Vladimir Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 8, p. 796-801 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3984	journal	May 2014
Construction of Highly Luminescent CdTe/CdS@ZnS–SiO ₂ Quantum Dots as Conversion Materials toward Excellent Color-Rendering White-Light-Emitting Diodes Mao, Li-Hua; Zhang, Qiu-Hong; Zhang, Yan Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 53, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie502432y	journal	October 2014
Wearable and sensitive heart-rate detectors based on PbS quantum dot and multiwalled carbon nanotube blend film Gao, Liang; Dong, Dongdong; He, Jungang Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4898680	journal	October 2014
Quantum Dot Monolayer Sensitized ZnO Nanowire-Array Photoelectrodes: True Efficiency for Water Splitting Chen, Hao Ming; Chen, Chih Kai; Chang, Yu-Chuan Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 122, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201001827	journal	July 2010
Quantum dots for next-generation photovoltaics Semonin, Octavi E.; Luther, Joseph M.; Beard, Matthew C. Materials Today, Vol. 15, Issue 11, p. 508-515 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(12)70220-1	journal	November 2012
Charge Generation in PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells Characterized by Temperature-Dependent Steady-State Photoluminescence Gao, Jianbo; Zhang, Jianbing; van de Lagemaat, Jao ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn506075s	journal	November 2014
Charge Trapping in Bright and Dark States of Coupled PbS Quantum Dot Films Gao, Jianbo; Johnson, Justin C. ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn300707d	journal	March 2012
Sharp exponential band tails in highly disordered lead sulfide quantum dot arrays Erslev, Peter T.; Chen, Hsiang-Yu; Gao, Jianbo Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.155313	journal	October 2012
Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Individual PbSe Quantum Dots and Molecular Aggregates Stabilized in an Inert Nanocrystal Matrix Overgaag, Karin; Liljeroth, Peter; Grandidier, Bruno ACS Nano, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn7003876	journal	March 2008
Variable Orbital Coupling in a Two-Dimensional Quantum-Dot Solid Probed on a Local Scale Liljeroth, Peter; Overgaag, Karin; Urbieta, Ana Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.096803	journal	September 2006
Coherent Exciton Delocalization in Strongly Coupled Quantum Dot Arrays Crisp, Ryan W.; Schrauben, Joel N.; Beard, Matthew C. Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl402725m	journal	September 2013
Photoemission Spectroscopy of Tethered CdSe Nanocrystals: Shifts in Ionization Potential and Local Vacuum Level As a Function of Nanocrystal Capping Ligand Munro, Andrea M.; Zacher, Brian; Graham, Amy ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/am900834y	journal	March 2010
Metal Halide Solid-State Surface Treatment for High Efficiency PbS and PbSe QD Solar Cells Crisp, Ryan W.; Kroupa, Daniel M.; Marshall, Ashley R. Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09945	journal	April 2015
Improving Performance in Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells by Tuning Band Alignment through Surface Dipole Moments Santra, Pralay K.; Palmstrom, Axel F.; Tanskanen, Jukka T. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00341	journal	January 2015
Fast Current Blinking in Individual PbS and CdSe Quantum Dots Maturova, Klara; Nanayakkara, Sanjini U.; Luther, Joseph M. Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl3036096	journal	May 2013
Spectral Dependence of Nanocrystal Photoionization Probability: The Role of Hot-Carrier Transfer Padilha, Lazaro A.; Robel, István; Lee, Doh C. ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn201135k	journal	May 2011
Dynamic Trap Formation and Elimination in Colloidal Quantum Dots Voznyy, O.; Thon, S. M.; Ip, A. H. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz400125r	journal	March 2013
Size-Dependent Valence and Conduction Band-Edge Energies of Semiconductor Nanocrystals Jasieniak, Jacek; Califano, Marco; Watkins, Scott E. ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn201681s	journal	June 2011
Air-stable n-type colloidal quantum dot solids Ning, Zhijun; Voznyy, Oleksandr; Pan, Jun Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4007	journal	June 2014
Electronic energy alignment at the PbSe quantum dots/ZnO(101̅0) interface Timp, Brooke A.; Zhu, X. -Y. Surface Science, Vol. 604, Issue 17-18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2010.04.026	journal	August 2010
Measurement of Electronic States of PbS Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Using Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy: The Role of Parity Selection Rules in Optical Absorption Diaconescu, Bogdan; Padilha, Lazaro A.; Nagpal, Prashant Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.127406	journal	March 2013
Determination of the Electronic Energy Levels of Colloidal Nanocrystals using Field-Effect Transistors and Ab-Initio Calculations Bisri, Satria Zulkarnaen; Degoli, Elena; Spallanzani, Nicola Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400660	journal	June 2014
Electron-phonon coupling and intervalley splitting determine the linewidth of single-electron transport through PbSe nanocrystals Overgaag, K.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; Liljeroth, P. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 131, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3272952	journal	December 2009
Size-Dependent Optical Properties of Colloidal PbS Quantum Dots Moreels, Iwan; Lambert, Karel; Smeets, Dries ACS Nano, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900863a	journal	September 2009
Tuning the Synthesis of Ternary Lead Chalcogenide Quantum Dots by Balancing Precursor Reactivity Smith, Danielle K.; Luther, Joseph M.; Semonin, Octavi E. ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn102878u	journal	December 2010
Interparticle Spacing and Structural Ordering in Superlattice PbS Nanocrystal Solids Undergoing Ligand Exchange Weidman, Mark C.; Yager, Kevin G.; Tisdale, William A. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm503626s	journal	December 2014
Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Self-Assembled Films of PbSe Nanocrystals Treated with 1,2-Ethanedithiol Luther, Joseph M.; Law, Matt; Song, Qing ACS Nano, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn7003348	journal	January 2008
Angle-resolved uv photoemission and electronic band structures of the lead chalcogenides Grandke, Thomas; Ley, Lothar; Cardona, Manuel Physical Review B, Vol. 18, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.18.3847	journal	October 1978
Inverse photoemission and photoemission spectra of the PbS(001) surface Ollonqvist, T.; Kaurila, T.; Isokallio, M. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 76 https://doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(95)02434-4	journal	December 1995
High-Resolution X-Ray-Photoemission Spectra of PbS, PbSe, and PbTe Valence Bands McFeely, F. R.; Kowalczyk, S.; Ley, L. Physical Review B, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.7.5228	journal	June 1973
The panoscopic approach to high performance thermoelectrics Zhao, Li-Dong; Dravid, Vinayak P.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3EE43099E	journal	January 2014
Band bending and photoemission-induced surface photovoltages on clean n - and p -GaN (0001) surfaces Long, J. P.; Bermudez, V. M. Physical Review B, Vol. 66, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.121308	journal	September 2002
The absolute energy positions of conduction and valence bands of selected semiconducting minerals Xu, Yong; Schoonen, Martin A. A. American Mineralogist, Vol. 85, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2000-0416	journal	March 2000
Quasiparticle self-consistent GW calculations for PbS, PbSe, and PbTe: Band structure and pressure coefficients Svane, A.; Christensen, N. E.; Cardona, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 81, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.245120	journal	June 2010
Accurate valence band maximum determination for SrTiO3(001) Chambers, S. A.; Droubay, T.; Kaspar, T. C. Surface Science, Vol. 554, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.02.021	journal	April 2004
Semiconductor core-level to valence-band maximum binding-energy differences: Precise determination by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Kraut, E. A.; Grant, R. W.; Waldrop, J. R. Physical Review B, Vol. 28, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.28.1965	journal	August 1983
Electronic states and optical properties of PbSe nanorods and nanowires Bartnik, A. C.; Efros, Al. L.; Koh, W. -K. Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.195313	journal	November 2010
Electronic structure and optical properties of PbS and PbSe quantum dots Kang, Inuk; Wise, Frank W. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 14, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.14.001632	journal	January 1997
Measurement and assignment of the size-dependent optical spectrum in CdSe quantum dots Norris, D. J.; Bawendi, M. G. Physical Review B, Vol. 53, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.53.16338	journal	June 1996
A Phonon Scattering Bottleneck for Carrier Cooling in Lead Chalcogenide Nanocrystals Geiregat, Pieter; Delerue, Christophe; Justo, Yolanda ACS Nano, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn5062723	journal	January 2015
Designing High-Performance PbS and PbSe Nanocrystal Electronic Devices through Stepwise, Post-Synthesis, Colloidal Atomic Layer Deposition Oh, Soong Ju; Berry, Nathaniel E.; Choi, Ji-Hyuk Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404818z	journal	February 2014
Stoichiometric Control of Lead Chalcogenide Nanocrystal Solids to Enhance Their Electronic and Optoelectronic Device Performance Oh, Soong Ju; Berry, Nathaniel E.; Choi, Ji-Hyuk ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn3057356	journal	February 2013
Colloidal PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells with High Fill Factor Zhao, Ni; Osedach, Tim P.; Chang, Liang-Yi ACS Nano, Vol. 4, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn100129j	journal	June 2010
Synthetic Conditions for High-Accuracy Size Control of PbS Quantum Dots Zhang, Jianbing; Crisp, Ryan W.; Gao, Jianbo The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00689	journal	May 2015
Colloidal PbS Nanocrystals with Size-Tunable Near-Infrared Emission: Observation of Post-Synthesis Self-Narrowing of the Particle Size Distribution Hines, M. A.; Scholes, G. D. Advanced Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 21, p. 1844-1849 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200305395	journal	November 2003
Density-of-states effective mass and scattering parameter measurements by transport phenomena in thin films Young, D. L.; Coutts, T. J.; Kaydanov, V. I. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 71, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1150224	journal	February 2000
Correcting for contact geometry in Seebeck coefficient measurements of thin film devices Reenen, Stephan van; Kemerink, Martijn Organic Electronics, Vol. 15, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2014.06.018	journal	October 2014
Surfactant-assisted growth of CdS thin films for photovoltaic applications Perkins, Craig L.; Hasoon, Falah S. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 24, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2194929	journal	May 2006
Electron-hole interaction energy in the organic molecular semiconductor PTCDA Wu, C. I.; Hirose, Y.; Sirringhaus, H. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 272, Issue 1-2, p. 43-47 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00481-8	journal	June 1997
Implementation and performance of the frequency-dependent $G W$ method within the PAW framework Shishkin, M.; Kresse, G. Physical Review B, Vol. 74, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.74.035101	journal	July 2006
Semiconducting transition metal oxides Lany, Stephan Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 27, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/28/283203	journal	June 2015

Cited By (17)

Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Transistors—Powerful Research Tools and Their Future Applications Kahmann, Simon; Shulga, Artem; Loi, Maria A. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201904174	journal	August 2019
Cation‐Exchange Synthesis of Highly Monodisperse PbS Quantum Dots from ZnS Nanorods for Efficient Infrared Solar Cells Xia, Yong; Liu, Sisi; Wang, Kang Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201907379	journal	November 2019
Epitaxial 2D PbS Nanoplates Arrays with Highly Efficient Infrared Response Wen, Yao; Wang, Qisheng; Yin, Lei Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201602481	journal	July 2016
Infrared Solution-Processed Quantum Dot Solar Cells Reaching External Quantum Efficiency of 80% at 1.35 µm and J _sc in Excess of 34 mA cm ⁻² Bi, Yu; Pradhan, Santanu; Gupta, Shuchi Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201704928	journal	January 2018
What Remains Unexplained about the Properties of Halide Perovskites? Egger, David A.; Bera, Achintya; Cahen, David Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201800691	journal	March 2018
Ultraviolet Photoemission Spectroscopy and Kelvin Probe Measurements on Metal Halide Perovskites: Advantages and Pitfalls Zhang, Fengyu; Silver, Scott H.; Noel, Nakita K. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903252	journal	January 2020
Efficient Hybrid Tandem Solar Cells Based on Optical Reinforcement of Colloidal Quantum Dots with Organic Bulk Heterojunctions Aqoma, Havid; Imran, Imil Fadli; Mubarok, Muhibullah Al Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903294	journal	January 2020
Direct Measurement of Electronic Band Structure in Single Quantum Dots of Metal Chalcogenide Composites Benetti, Daniele; Cui, Daling; Zhao, Haiguang Small, Vol. 14, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201801668	journal	October 2018
2D Metal Chalcogenides for IR Photodetection Wang, Fakun; Zhang, Yue; Gao, Yu Small, Vol. 15, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201901347	journal	May 2019
Tuning colloidal quantum dot band edge positions through solution-phase surface chemistry modification Kroupa, Daniel M.; Vörös, Márton; Brawand, Nicholas P. Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15257	journal	May 2017
Highly stable QLEDs with improved hole injection via quantum dot structure tailoring Cao, Weiran; Xiang, Chaoyu; Yang, Yixing Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04986-z	journal	July 2018
Ligand cleavage enables formation of 1,2-ethanedithiol capped colloidal quantum dot solids Fan, James Z.; La Croix, Andrew D.; Yang, Zhenyu Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr02708d	journal	January 2019
Pressure-enhanced electronic coupling of highly passivated quantum dot films to improve photovoltaic performance Wang, Yinglin; An, Meiqi; Jia, Yuwen Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110749	journal	November 2019
Stoichiometric control of the density of states in PbS colloidal quantum dot solids Balazs, Daniel M.; Bijlsma, Klaas I.; Fang, Hong-Hua Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao1558	journal	September 2017
Strongly Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance and Defect Physics of Air-Stable Bismuth Oxyiodide (BiOI) Hoye, Robert; Lee, Lana; Kurchin, Rc Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.12816	text	January 2017
Stoichiometric control of the density of states in PbS colloidal quantum dot solids M., Balazs, Daniel; I., Bijlsma, Klaas; Hong-Hua, Fang, ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000214541	text	January 2017
Photocorrosion-limited maximum efficiency of solar photoelectrochemical water splitting Guo, Ling-Ju; Luo, Jun-Wei; He, Tao arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.01334	text	January 2018

Similar Records

Revisiting the Valence and Conduction Band Size Dependence of PbS Quantum Dot Thin Films

Journal Article · Tue Mar 22 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · ACS Nano · OSTI ID:1371211

Miller, Elisa M.; Kroupa, Daniel M.; Zhang, Jianbing; +8 more

Gas source molecular beam epitaxy of scandium nitride on silicon carbide and gallium nitride surfaces

Journal Article · Sat Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology. A, Vacuum, Surfaces and Films · OSTI ID:1371211

Davis, Robert F.; Nemanich, Robert J.

Band bending at Al, In, Ag, and Pt interfaces with CdTe and ZnTe (110)

Journal Article · Tue May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1990 · Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, A (Vacuum, Surfaces and Films); (USA) · OSTI ID:1371211

Wahi, A K; Miyano, K; Carey, G P; +3 more

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
solar (photovoltaic)
solar (fuels)
solid state lighting
phonons
thermoelectric
hydrogen and fuel cells
defects
charge transport
optics
materials and chemistry by design
synthesis (novel materials)
PbS quantum dot films
valence band maximum
photoelectron spectroscopy
energy alignment

Title: Revisiting the Valence and Conduction Band Size Dependence of PbS Quantum Dot Thin Films

Citation Formats

References (59)

Cited By (17)

Similar Records

Related Subjects