Sensory systemFunctional MRI of oropharyngeal air-pulse stimulation
Section snippets
Participants
Six right-handed female volunteers with no history of swallowing, orofacial, gastrointestinal, respiratory, or neurological problems participated in the study (mean age: 27 years, age range: 21–45 years). All subjects were non-smokers, and were not taking any medications that may have affected their oropharyngeal function. The sample was composed exclusively of females for two reasons. First, our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experience has suggested that fMRI data from
Results
Brain activation associated with air-pulse stimulation was characterized by a considerable intra- and interindividual variability in all three stimulation conditions (left-sided, right-sided, and bilateral stimulation). Activation strength (as represented by the Z value of the test statistics) and location of the maximum activation varied within individuals when comparing the left and right hemisphere and across individuals. Fig. 4 illustrates the variability of sensorimotor activation
Discussion
The present fMRI study suggests that air-pulse trains delivered to the oropharynx activate a widely distributed network of cortical and subcortical areas. This network includes core areas of the somatosensory system, including the thalamus and the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). In addition, classical motor areas (primary motor cortex (MI), supplementary motor area (SMA), cingulate motor areas) and polymodal areas (such as the insula and frontal cortex) were activated in association with
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by a grant from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario (R. E. Martin), Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care Salary Support (R. E. Martin), Premier's Research Excellence Award (R. E. Martin), Canada Research Chair Support (R. S. Menon), and Canadian Institutes of Health Research Maintenance Grant (R. S. Menon).
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