Materials Today: Proceedings
Use of zeolite and industrial waste materials in high strength concrete – A review
Introduction
For decades in the construction industry, concrete and its constituents are widely used. Though there is much significance of construction materials, but it shows the potential challenges as well as consequences by overuse of these concrete materials [1], [2]. The main challenges are lack of availability of aggregates, cost-effectiveness, CO2 emission impact on the environment due to cement production and waste generation by demolition. So, research on concrete when cement is partially replaced with silica fume, zeolite [3], fly ash [4], [5], [6], and metakaolin [7] was done. The concrete mix proportions of high strength concrete were designed according to the ACI method and the guidelines provided in ACI 211.1 (ACI, 1991) [8], [9]. Concrete mix proportions were designed to reach compressive strengths that exceed 60 MPa when cured with water immersion method for 28 days. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of hardened concrete were tested [10], [11], [12].
Section snippets
Review of research on the utilization of industrial waste materials to produce concrete
The extensive research on the utilization of cementitious materials [13], [14] to prepare concrete can be divided into different categories based on the material used: metakaolin [15], [16], [17], [18], zeolite [19], silica fume, fly ash and as detailed below.
Test on concrete
Concrete is tested most commonly by the compressive strength test. The reason behind this is to understand the fact that this test is relatively inexpensive and easy too. From the past many decades' concrete technology made many changes in bringing HSC which has been started using for new construction material. Different tests can be conducted on hardened concrete like compressive strength test for cube, split tensile test for cylinders, and flexural test for beams where single point load,
Discussion
From the study it was observed that, natural zeolite and various industrial waste materials can be used as an alternative material for the replacement of cement.
The following Table 3 shows the summary of types of materials – replacement of cement in percentage of weight – tests conducted on concrete – effect on concrete by using the material-number of curing days of concrete in previous research works.
Conclusion
In brief, these studies summarized the possible usage of a variety of alternative materials for cement in concrete. Although the use of zeolite, fly ash, metakaolin, and silica fume materials individually as partial replacement of cement could increase strength and durability till certain percentage replacement but further mixing leads to a reduction in some properties of concrete like workability, water penetration, freeze–thaw resistance and drying shrinkage of concrete. As mentioned by the
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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