One step green synthesis of larvicidal, and azo dye degrading antibacterial nanoparticles by response surface methodology
Introduction
Nanoparticle research is of great interest worldwide due to unique characteristics [1]. Classical way of synthesizing nanoparticle like attrition and pyrolysis have several negatives in them such as defective surface formation, low productivity, ever increasing manufacturing cost, and require large amount of energy. Also, chemical synthesis methods involve the utilization of chemicals which are toxic, further leads to the formation of hazardous by products chemicals [2]. As a result, that there is an ever increasing need to establish and follow clean, nontoxic, and environment-benign procedures for synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). Synthesis of NPs by green technology is emerging as an efficient method enabling to impart steric stabilization eliminating aggregation concerns. It helps to end the negative effects of using sodium borohydride and several other hazardous chemicals as a reducing agent in conventional synthesis [3]. The utilization of environmentally friendly materials like plant, bacteria, and fungi for the synthesis of NPs gives various advantages of eco-friendliness and extraordinary compatibility for various applications of industrial, pharmaceutical and biomedical importance [4]. In the green synthesis of NPs, plant extracts are more advantageous as they eliminates the laborious process involving cell cultures and can be easily scaled-up for large-scale synthesis under nonaseptic conditions, Plants secrete molecules of functional ability for the reaction, in accordance with the principles of green chemistry [5]. The potent plant extract we have used, Acorus calamus is a natural medicinal plant [6].
There are reports of successful synthesis of iron NPs utilizing green tea leaf and sorghum bran extracts [7,8]. Nanosized iron particles are of huge value in environmental bioremediation. They are the most widely reported in specific applications of degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants [[9], [10], [11]]. In recent years iron oxide NPs have attracted much more attention due to their properties such as surface-to-volume ratio, superparamagnetism, easy separation methodology and greater surface area [12]. These iron oxide NPs have potential application in magnetic resonance imaging, waste treatment, catalysts, and environmental remediation [13]. Iron NPs are very important for abatement of environmental pollution such as degradation of chlorinated organic pollutants, organic dyes, and heavy metals removal. It was also reported that the green synthesized NPs catalyzed hydrogen perioxide for the degradation of the bromothymol blue [14,15]. Few reports of manganese oxide nanoparticle synthesis were reported for the electrochemical sensing of 4- Nitrophenol [[16], [17], [18]]. Statistical methods help in effective variables and the interaction between different important parameters [19]. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a widely used mathematical in combination with statistical analysis method which improves and optimizes processes through evaluation of the interaction effects among process variables [20,21]. An alarming increase in the use of synthetic complex organic dyes has been shown by the textile industry as coloring materials [22]. The two dyes Congo red and Methylene blue are cationic and anionic in nature, respectively [23]. These dyes are used extensively in textile, paper, rubber and plastic industries if they are discharged without any regulation can cause serious ecological damage. Therefore, the need for developing a simple more effective method for the degradation of dyes has gathered enormous significance. Metal nanoparticles, due to their relatively large surface-to-volume ratios along with their light absorbing properties known to exhibit better catalytic activity in reducing dyes [24].
Mosquito borne illnesses constitutes serious health problem causing various diseases including, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, chikungunya, lymphatic filariasis, fever and dengue fever and which are high prevalent in India. About 2.5 million malaria cases have been reported all around world, however, India being a tropical country alone have >75% of the malaria cases [25]. Larvicides derived from medicinal plants are promising category of natural pesticide, due to their green low level toxicity for non target organisms [26] and plant-derived larvicides contain a combination of various chemical compounds that work synergistically against targeting different biological processes, reducing the likelihood of resistance [26]. An alternative to botanic larvicides is the production of NPs synthesized using medicinal plant extracts as reducing agent [27,28]. Metallic NPs has very effective antimicrobial effects while to human cells it is non- toxic [29,30]. Further, potential of medicinal plants come more to the limelight, in green synthesis of NPs in an attempt is being made to synthesize metallic NPs as it also exemplifies the properties of the plant extract which act as the capping agent. Several reports are available for green synthesis of metal NPs for their antibacterial activity [31,32] antifungal activity [33,34] and larvicidal activity [[35], [36], [37], [38]]. Acorus calamus is a herbaceous perennial native to India and it is widely used as medicine as well as utilised for their perfume. Further, it contains b asarone and eugenol as chief phytoconstituents [39]. Here in this work, microwave irradiation for the preparation of extract is followed as highly localized temperature and pressure includes reducing extraction time with reproducible high purity final products and primarily suitable for separation of active ingredients from natural entities [40,41]. In this work, for the first time we are reporting, an environment-friendly and low-cost method to produce iron and manganese NPs using A. calamus aqueous extract. Further, their synthesis conditions were optimized using RSM. We also report their application antibacterial, antifungal, larvicidal and the photocatalytic activity degradation of methylene blue and congo red without addition of any external ROS generating agents.
Section snippets
Preparation of Extracts
The rhizome of A. calamus was collected as fresh from Western Ghats (Longitude 77.2182 and Latitude 8.29294), Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India. Initially, the surfaces of the rhizomes were washed several times with distilled water. The rhizomes were shade dried for about 4 to 5 days and then finely powdered. An aqueous extracts of A. calamus were prepared as 10 g of powdered rhizome were packed down into the beaker containing 1000 ml of double-distilled water (DDW). The extraction was
Green Synthesis of NPs Using A. calamus Extract
The synthesis of Iron oxide NPs was initially observed by the instantaneous colour change from near colourless to black. The excitation of surface plasmon resonance vibrations is exemplified by the instantaneous colour to black. Similar results were observed in tea extract studied previously [47]. Initially, the colour of aqueous manganese metal ion solution looks transparent. On addition of A. calamus aqueous extract the manganese metal ion solution gradually changes to reddish dark brown in
Conclusions
Iron oxide and manganese oxide NPs were successfully synthesized by polyphenolics enriched microwave irradiated aqueous extract of A. calamus. The synthesized conditions were optimized using RSM. Thus, the present study shows the potential application of RSM in predicting the various parameters and its interactions enabling NP synthesis with unique characteristic features. These observations clearly indicated that it can be provide a path for design of bioprocess to provide large scale
Funding
The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding of this research through the Research Group Project No. RG-1435-071.
References (75)
- et al.
Rasesh, Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles
Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med.
(2010) - et al.
Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their application as a Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of aqueous cationic and anionic dyes Chem
Eng. J.
(2011) - et al.
Thermostabilization of laccase by polysaccharide additives: Enhancement using central composite design of RSM
Carbohy. Polymer.
(2011) - et al.
Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles
Nanomedicine
(2007) - et al.
Process Optimization of Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis using Response Surface Methodology
Procedia Eng.
(2016) - et al.
Water based simple synthesis of re-dispersible silver nano-particles Material
Lett.
(2007) - et al.
Synthesis and characterization of Ag nanoparticles in silica matrix by atom beam sputtering Scripta Material
(2007) Iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by controlled bio-precipitation using leaf extract of garlic vine (Mansoa alliacea)
Material. Sci. Semiconductor Process.
(2016)- et al.
Global and local optimization using radial basis function response surface models
Appl. Mathemati. Modell.
(2007) - et al.
Application of response surface methodology to optimize the extracellular fungal mediated nanosilver green synthesis
J. Genetic Eng. Biotechnol.
(2017)
Optimization of alkaline protease production by batch culture of Bacillus sp. RKY3 through Plackett–Burman and response surface methodological approaches
Bioresour. Technol.
A response surface approach for the comparison of lipase production by Candida cylindracea using two different carbon sources
Biochem. Eng. J.
Study of phase transformation in iron oxides using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Spectrochim. Acta B At. Spectrosc.
H, L. Zhou, X. Jiang, Q. Huang, W. Lang. Adsorption of Cu2+ and methylene blue on dodecyl sulfobetaine surfactant-modified montmorillonite. Appl. Clay
Sci.
Simultaneous removal of dyes onto nanowires adsorbent use of ultrasound assisted adsorption to clean waste water: chemometrics for modeling and optimization, multicomponent adsorption and kinetic study
Chem. Eng. Res. Design.
Antimicrobial activity of the metals and metal oxide nanoparticles
Material Sci. Eng. C Materials Biol. Appl.
Preparation, characterization and antifungal activity of iron oxide nanoparticles
Microb. Pathog.
Larvicidal activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using bark aqueous extract of Ficus racemosa against Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex gelidus Asian. Pacific
J. Trop. Med
Mosquito larvicidal and antimicrobial activity of synthesized nano-crystalline silver particles using leaves and green berry extract of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae: Solanales)
Acta Tropica
Magnesium incorporated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, antibacterial and larvicidal activity
Arab. J. Chem.
Green synthesis and antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles using Vitex negundo L
Molecules
Degradation of bromothymol blue by ‘greener'nano-scale zero-valent iron synthesized using tea polyphenols
J. Material. Chem.
Silver nanoparticles by PAMAM-assisted photochemical reduction of Ag+
J. Col. Inter. Sci.
Synthesis of gold nanotriangles and silver nanoparticles using Aloevera plant extract
Biotechnol. Prog.
International Union for Conservation of Nature
In vitro biocompatibility of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI) synthesized using tea polyphenols
Green Chem.
Characterization of the uptake of aqueous Ni2+ ions on nanoparticles of zero-valent iron (Nzvi)
Desalination
Application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles for the removal of aqueous Co2+ ions under various experimental conditions
Chem. Eng. J.
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI): aspects of the core-shell structure and reactions with inorganic species in water
J. Contaminant Hydrol.
Synthesis, characterization, applications, and challenges of iron oxide nanoparticles
Nanotechnol. Sci. Appl.
Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their environmental applications and implications
Nanomaterials
Degradation of bromothymol blue by ‘greener’ nano-scale zero-valent iron synthesized using tea polyphenols
J. Mater. Chem.
Green synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles for the electrochemical sensing of p-nitrophenol
Int. Nano Lett.
Photoassisted synthesis of manganese oxide nanostructures using visible light at room temperature
Green Chem.
A novel rapid one-step synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles at room temperature using poly (dimethylsiloxane)
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
Application of statistical method to evaluate immobilization variables of trypsin entrapped with sol-gel method
J. Biochem. Technol.
Metal nanoparticles induced photocatalysis
National Sci. Rev.
Cited by (128)
Sustainable use of plastic-derived nanocarbons as a promising larvicidal and growth inhibitor agent towards control of mosquitoes
2024, Science of the Total EnvironmentRecent advances in green synthesized nanoparticles: from production to application
2023, Materials Today SustainabilityReview on green biomass-synthesized metallic nanoparticles and composites and their photocatalytic water purification applications: Progress and perspectives
2023, Chemical Engineering Journal AdvancesEffective utilization of waste plastics towards sustainable control of mosquito
2023, Journal of Cleaner Production