REVIEWSolute carrier transporters: the metabolic gatekeepers of immune cells
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open access
Graphical abstract
Solute carrier (SLC) transporters meditate many essential physiological functions. In this review, we present current information mainly on glucose transporters, amino-acid transporters, and metal ion transporters, which are critically important for mediating immune cell homeostasis in many different pathological conditions.
Key words
Solute carrier
Lymphocytes
Glucose
Glutamine
Metal ion
Abbreviations
3-PG
3-phosphoglyceric acid
ABC
ATP-binding cassette
AIF
apoptosis-inducing factor
α-KG
α-ketoglutaric acid
AP-1
activator protein 1
ASCT2
alanine serine and cysteine transporter system 2
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
BCR
B cell receptor
BMDMs
bone marrow-derived macrophages
CD45R
a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase
CTL
cytotoxic T lymphocytes
DC
dendritic cells
EAATs
excitatory amino acid transporters
ER
endoplasmic reticulum
ERRα
estrogen related receptor alpha
FFA
free fatty acids
G-6-P
glucose 6-phosphate
GLUT
glucose transporters
GSH
glutathione
HIF-1α
hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
HIV-1
human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Hk1
hexokinase-1
IFNβ
interferon beta
IFNγ
interferon gamma
IKK
IκB kinase
IKKβ
IκB kinase beta subunit
IL
interleukin
iNOS
inducible nitric oxide synthase
iTregs
induced regulatory T cells
LDHA
lactate dehydrogenase A
LPS
lipopolysaccharide
Lyn
tyrosine-protein kinase
MAPK
mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCT
monocarboxylate transporters
MS
multiple sclerosis
mTORC1
mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
NADPH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-κB
nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NO
nitric oxide
NOD2
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2
PEG2
prostaglandin E2
Pfk
phosphofructokinase
PI-3K/AKT
phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase/serine–threonine kinase
PPP
pentose phosphate pathway
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
RLR
RIG-I-like receptor
ROS
reactive oxygen species
SLC
solute carrier
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
SNAT
sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters
STAT
signal transducers and activators of transcription
TAMs
tumor-associated macrophages
TCR
T cell receptor
TCA
tricarboxylic acid
Teffs
effector T cells
Th1/2/17
type 1/2/17 helper T cells
TLR
toll-like receptor
TNF
tumor necrosis factor
Tregs
regulatory T cells
TRPM7
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7
VEGF
vascular endothelial growth factor
ZIP
zrt/irt-like proteins
Cited by (0)
Peer review under responsibility of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
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These authors made equal contributions to this work.
© 2019 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.