Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa

Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa

Therapeutic Potential Against Metabolic, Inflammatory, Infectious and Systemic Diseases
2017, Pages 549-579
Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa

Chapter 26 - Sesamum indicum

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809286-6.00026-1Get rights and content

Abstract

Sesamum indicum L., commonly known internationally as sesame, is one of the oldest oilseed crops. Worldwide, it is used for its nutritional, medicinal, and industrial purposes. In this chapter, available information regarding its origin, ethnobotanical uses, cultivation, nutritional composition, and pharmacological evaluation carried out on its different parts and isolated chemical constituents are coherently synthesized to highlight its health benefits and therapeutic potential against different metabolic, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Through the use of various mechanism-based in vitro and in vivo assays, extracts and isolated compounds obtained from different parts of sesame were demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, antileishmanial, gastroprotective, larvicidal, and vasorelaxant activities, among others. Potent pharmacological activities observed in vivo particularly highlight the need for further exploration at clinical levels and drug development of identified chemotherapeutic candidates.

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Cited by (23)

  • Enhancement of sesame omega 3 fatty acid content using Fusarium moniliforme bifunctional desaturase gene

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    In Arabidopsis altered 18:2 and 18:3 fatty acid ratio resulted in less seed filling (Geilen et al., 2017) Sesame leaves are used to treat various diseases and also exhibited pharmacological activities such as anti-leishmanial, gastro-protective and anti-inflammatory activities. Several studies indicated the therapeutic potential of sesame leaves and these treatments were widely used by the people of South Africa (Amoo et al., 2017). Hence, increasing the omega 3 content in leaves also advantageous to increase the nutritional status.

  • Sesame oil mitigates memory impairment, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. A pivotal role of NF-κB/p38MAPK/BDNF/PPAR-γ pathways

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    Sesame seeds originated firstly in India that represents immortality in Hindu legends. Traditionally, sesame is used as folk remedy for different disorders such as bowel obstruction, asthma, allergy, and, eye disorders due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities (Amoo et al., 2017; Mukta and Neeta, 2017). In Chinese medicine, sesame seeds are one of the reputed folk medicine used for cure of most symptoms of aging even though they may not recognize the mechanism (Robinson, 2010).

  • Critical review on sesame seed oil and its methyl ester on cold flow and oxidation stability

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    The word ‘sesame’ is derived from the Arabic word ‘simsim’ (Moazzami and Kamal-Eldin, 2009). Globally, it is known as sesame, as til in Asia and as benniseed or simsim in Africa (Amoo et al., 2017). According to prehistory studies, cultivation of sesame was discovered in South Asian wild populations, and cultivation originated in South Asia before 2000 B.C from the time of the Harappan civilisation (Fuller, 2003).

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    Sesamum indicum L. (sesame), a member of Pedaliaceae family, is one of the oldest oilseed crops that is mainly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world (Mohdaly et al., 2011). Sesame is widely used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries because it contains a considerable amounts of oil, proteins, carbohydrates, essential minerals, fibres as well as secondary metabolites like lignans, saponins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds (Amoo et al., 2017). The sesame seed is known as ‘the queen of oils’ due to its high quality of vegetable oil.

  • Heterosis, lipid profile and lignan glycosides assessment in raised inter-varietal promising hybrids of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.; Pedaliaceae)

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    Wang et al. (2012) opined that enhancement of lignan content in sesame oil provide better resistance against rancidity and can increase antioxidant potentiality of the oil helpful for healthy consumption. Enhancement of sesamin and sesamolin is clinically significant for oxidative stress reduction ability (Amoo et al., 2017), anti-inflammatory activity (Akimoto et al., 1993), arthritic pain remediation property (Phitak et al., 2012) and adipose stem cell differentiation ability (Wanachewin et al., 2012). Present study highlights the following: (1) significant enhancement in seed yield in RTH2, RTH5 and SRH3 hybrids than their respective parents; (2) identification of behenic acid (C22:0) fraction pioneerly in sesame fatty oil; (3) raising of SRH2 hybrid with most promising fatty acid profile comprising of balance proportion of ɷ-6:ɷ-9 fatty acids (1:1) and with enhance ɷ-3 fatty acid, and (4) establishment of SRH1 with maximum dietary lignan content.

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