References for this review were identified by searches of MEDLINE from Jan 1997 to May 2004, references from relevant articles, and the authors' own files. The search terms “migraine with aura”, “migraine without aura”, “cluster headache”, “functional imaging”, “PET”, and “fMRI” were used. Abstracts and reports from meetings were included only if they related directly to the previously published work. Only original papers published in English, as well as data from three presentations (one
ReviewFunctional neuroimaging of headaches
Section snippets
Migraine with aura
The visual aura is one of the most spectacular and feared symptoms reported during a migraine attack. This has prompted researchers to study the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. Previous limitations to studying acute migraine attacks have included the difficulty in the triggering of typical attacks under controlled conditions, and studying the actual event with appropriate techniques. Since Milner associated the migraine visual aura with cortical spreading depression (CSD) in 1958,2 no study
Cluster headache
Cluster headache is a unique primary pain syndrome characterised by strictly unilateral severe periorbital pain with ipsilateral autonomic phenomena. Some of the most striking features of this syndrome are the circadian and circannual rhythmicity of attacks, the relapsing-remitting course, and abnormal rhythms of hormones such as cortisol, testosterone, growth hormone, or endorphins.39 All these alterations have pointed to the involvement of the hypothalamus as the primum movens structure in
Conclusion
Neuroimaging of different headache disorders is beginning to provide important information about the pathogenesis of cephalic pain. We are still far away from discovering the primum movens structure, most probably because headache is a complex disorder in which no single factor or structure plays a key role. The variability in the activation patterns may be the result of this situation. Further studies with larger sample sizes may reduce the inherent variability of functional studies, and
Search strategy and selection criteria
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Cited by (103)
Palmitoylethanolamide-based nutraceutical Calmux® in preventive treatment of migraine
2022, Clinical Neurology and NeurosurgeryCitation Excerpt :In both studies, PEA showed an excellent tolerability profile, with almost no undesirable adverse effects reported, except for isolated cases of gastrointestinal discomfort [6,7]. Although migraine has a complex pathophysiology, involving structures of the central and peripheral nervous system, there is evidence to support the existence of inflammatory mechanisms in the genesis of migraine [21]. Thus, among the factors studied in recent years, PPAR receptors (peroxisome proliferation activation receptors) have been shown to be a promising target in the pathophysiology of migraine.
The neurobiology of cluster headache
2021, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :This would certainly point to a role of the midbrain dopaminergic system in CH pathophysiology and in its chronification. There is debate over how to refer to the stimulated brain region (Del Rio et al., 2004; Matharu and Zrinzo, 2010): posterior inferior hypothalamus (May, 2009), posterior hypothalamic region (Fontaine et al., 2010), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) (Miller et al., 2016) are the various names employed to indicate the same area. Unfortunately, microrecordings do not lead to a better determination of the regions involved (Cordella et al., 2007; Starr et al., 2007; Bartsch et al., 2008).
Ventral posterior nucleus volume is associated with neuropathic pain intensity in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
2020, Multiple Sclerosis and Related DisordersCitation Excerpt :Wang et al., 2020) Of note, the posterior thalamus plays a pivotal role in central pain pathways (Krause et al., 2012; Nagasaka et al., 2017; Sprenger et al., 2012) and the STT projects to the thalamic ventral posterior nucleus (VPN). ( Sánchez and Linera, 2004) However, the involvement of strategic brain areas like thalamic subnuclei for processing of NP in NMOSD has not yet been studied. Thus, there is need for comprehensive imaging studies investigating the role of different lesion characteristics and imaging markers in the development and severity of NP in AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD.
Cluster Headache
2015, Headache and Migraine Biology and Management