Degradation of chlorpyrifos alone and in combination with chlorothalonil and their effects on soil microbial populations

doi:10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62080-X

Journal of Environmental Sciences

Volume 20, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 464-469

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62080-X Get rights and content

Abstract

In practice, pesticides are usually applied simultaneously or one after another for crop protection, and this type of pesticide application often leads to a combined contamination of pesticide residues in the soil environment. A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the influence of chlorothalonil on chlorpyrifos degradation and its effects on soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete populations. Under the experimental conditions here, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos alone, and in combination with chlorothalonil, at the recommended and double dosages, were measured to be 3.24, 2.77, and 2.63 d, respectively. Chlorpyrifos degradation was not significantly altered by its combination with chlorothalonil. However, the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos on soil microorganisms was increased by its combination with chlorothalonil, and the increase was related to the levels of chlorothalonil added. Compared to those in the controls, the populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were significantly reduced by 44.1%, 61.1%, and 72.8%, respectively, on the first day after treatment (DAT) by chlorpyrifos alone. With the addition of chlorothalonil, the inhibition was increased to 55.2%, 79.3%, and 85.8% at the recommended dosage, and 86.0%, 94.1%, and 90.8% at the double dosage, at one DAT, respectively. The results suggested that combined effects should be taken into account to assess the actual impacts of pesticide applications.

References (37)

SK Chen et al.
Effects of the fungicides benomyl, captan and chlorothalonil on soil microbial activity and nitrogen dynamics in laboratory incubations
Soil Biology and Biochemistry
(2001)
PK Jjemba
The effect of chloroquine, quinacrine, and metronidazole on both soybean plants and soil microbiota
Chemosphere
(2002)
V Laabs et al.
Leaching and degradation of corn and soybean pesticides in an oxisol of the Brazilian Cerrados
Chemosphere
(2000)
S Pandey et al.
Total bacterial and fungal population after chlorpyrifos and quinalphos treatments in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) soil
Chemosphere
(2004)
F Sannino et al.
Pesticide influence on soil enzymatic activities
Chemosphere
(2001)
WV Sigler et al.
The impact of chlorothalonil application on soil bacterial and fungal populations as assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
Appl Soil Ecol
(2002)
CL Yang et al.
Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease
Journal of Environmental Sciences
(2007)
MD Awasthi et al.
Persistence of chlorpyrifos in soils under different moisture regimes
Pestic Sci
(1997)
S Beulke et al.
Evaluation of methods to derive pesticide degradation parameters for regulatory modelling
Biol Fert Soils
(2001)
OB Cope
Interactions between pesticides and wildlife
Annu Rev Entomol
(1971)

H Fang et al.

Dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-vegetated soil in a greenhouse

Journal of Environmental Sciences

(2006)

B Feng et al.

Effects of Chlorothalonil on Soil Microbial Populations and Enzyme Activities

J Agro-Environ Sci

(2006)

A Flieäbach et al.

Short-and long-term effects on soil microorganisms of two potato pesticide spraying sequences with either glufosinate or dinoseb as defoliants

Biol Fert Soils

(2004)

ZM Getenga et al.

Dissipation behavior of malathion and dimethoate residues from the soil and their uptake by garden pea (Pisum sativum)

B Environ Contam Tox

(2000)

LW Getzin

Degradation of chlorpyrifos in soil: influence of autoclaving, soil moisture, and temperature

J Econ Entomol

(1981)

VA Gundi et al.

Interaction effects of insecticides on microbial populations and dehydrogenase activity in a black clay soil

J Environ Sci Heal B

(2005)

TL Hill et al.

Interactive effects of the fungicide chlorothalonil and the herbicide metribuzin towards the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani

B Environ Contam Toxicol

(1991)

A Katayama et al.

Population change and characteristics of chlorothalonil-degrading bacteria in soil

J Pestic Sci

(1991)

Cited by (83)

Comparison of peroxodisulfate and peroxymonosulfate activated by microwave for degradation of chlorpyrifos in soil: Effects of microwaves, reaction mechanisms and degradation products
2023, Separation and Purification Technology
The combination of microwave (MW) and persulfate (PS, including peroxodisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS)) has been proved to be a potential method for degradation of organic pollutant. In this study, the degradation of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in soil by MW/PDS and MW/PMS was investigated. As a result, a synergistic effect was created between MW and PS. Compared with conventional heating (CH) providing thermal effect, MW also played a special non-thermal effect for PDS activation, causing superior CPF degradation by MW/PDS. However, the similar degradation efficiency of CPF in MW/PMS system and CH/PMS system indicated mainly a thermal effect was played by MW in MW/PMS system. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was explored in detail, SO₄^•− and ^•OH, generated in water, was the main ROS in MW/PDS system, and ¹O₂, generated in soil/water interface, was the main ROS in MW/PMS system. 100:1 of PS to CPF molar ratio, 1:1 of water and soil mass ratio were selected as appropriate reaction conditions. Environmental factors including pH and humic acid showed different effects on CPF degradation in MW/PDS system and MW/PMS system. Moreover, the degradation products were different due to different selectivity of ROS, reaction pathways were predicted based on Gaussian calculation and detected products. In addition, toxicity prediction, energy estimation and the applicability in different types of soils were investigated for practical significance of CPF degradation by MW/PS. Therefore, MW/PS provides a promising approach for remediation of CPF-contaminated soils.
Actinobacteria bioaugmentation and substrate evaluation for biobeds useful for the treatment of atrazine residues in agricultural fields
2022, Journal of Environmental Management
Biopurification systems (BPS) or biobeds are bioprophylaxis systems to prevent pesticide point-source contamination, whose efficiency relies mostly on the pesticide removal capacity of the biomixture, the majority component of a BPS. The adaptation of the components of the biomixtures to local availabilities is a key aspect to ensure the sustainability of the system. In this work, the removal of atrazine (ATZ) was evaluated in biomixtures formulated with three sugarcane by-products as alternative lignocellulosic substrates. Based on the capacity of actinobacteria to tolerate and degrade diverse pesticides, the effect of biomixtures bioaugmentation with actinobacteria was evaluated as a strategy to enhance the depuration capacity of biobeds. Also, the effect of ATZ and/or the bioaugmentation on microbial developments and enzymatic activities were studied. The biomixtures formulated with bagasse, filter cake, or harvest residue, reached pesticide removal values of 37–41% at 28 d of incubation, with t_1/2 between 37.9 ± 0.4 d and 52.3 ± 0.4 d. The bioaugmentation with Streptomyces sp. M7 accelerated the dissipation of the pesticide in the biomixtures, reducing ATZ t_1/2 3-fold regarding the controls, and achieving up to 72% of ATZ removal. Atrazine did not exert a clear effect on microbial developments, although most of the microbial counts were less in the contaminated biomixtures at the end of the assay. The bioaugmentation improved the development of the microbiota in general, specially actinobacteria and fungi, regarding the non-bioaugmented systems. The inoculation with Streptomyces sp. M7 enhanced acid phosphatase activity and/or reversed a possible effect of the pesticide over this enzymatic activity.
Natural attenuation and bioremediation of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan in periurban horticultural soils of Buenos Aires (Argentina) using microcosms assays
2022, Applied Soil Ecology
Chlorpyrifos and endosulfan degradations were compared at laboratory scale in three different soils: a conventional horticultural (SH), an accredited 25 year organic horticultural (SA) and a reference soil (SR) used as control. Chlorpyrifos and α-endosulfan degradation half-lives were, respectively, in the range 7.2 d – 9.8 d and 4.4 d – 6.6 d, finding no statistical difference for any soil. In the case of β-endosulfan, a difference was found in degradation half-lives, being: SR (25.8 d) < SA (49.1 d) < SH (102.1 d), indicating some difficulty, in the case of the traditional horticultural soil, to biodegrade this isomer. Three different biostimulants: poultry litter (CP), bokashi (fermented organic matter, BKS) and ramial chipped wood (BRF) were added to soil to explore the increase of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan biodegradation. While no improvement was observed for chlorpyrifos, all biostimulants favoured endosulfan degradation. In the case of BKS endosulfan half-life was reduced ca. three times (considering both isomers). Seed germination bioassays were performed using soil and biostimulant to evaluate potential ecotoxicological impacts. CP had a significant inhibitory effect on germination, hypocotyl elongation, radicle length and hypocotyl length, while BKS and BRF parameters were more similar to the control performance.
Assessment of the potential risk of leaching pesticides in agricultural soils: study case Tibasosa, Boyacá, Colombia
2021, Heliyon
Agricultural soils need monitoring systems to address pesticide risks for humans and the environment. The purpose of this paper was to obtain leaching risk maps of the pesticides imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and chlorpyrifos in agricultural soil under an onion (Allium cepa L.) crop in Tibasosa, Boyacá, Colombia. This was obtained by studying the soil types in the area, analyzing the behavior of pollutants in the soil profile, using a delay factor and an attenuation factor to finally include GIS allowing visualization of the areas of greater potential risk in the study area.
Side effects of traditional pesticides on soil microbial respiration in orchards on the Russian Black Sea coast
2021, Chemosphere
Agricultural use of pesticides has greatly increased worldwide over the last several decades, affecting soil microorganisms. Microbial basal respiration and substrate-induced respiration rates are commonly used to assess the detrimental effects of pesticides on soil quality. The goal of the present study was (1) to compare the impact of different pesticides on soil microbial respiration under field conditions, and (2) to characterize the recovery time of soil microbial respiration after pesticide application. The following pesticides were used in the present study: chlorpyrifos, phosalone, dimethoate (organophosphorus insecticides), λ-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide), and kresoxim-methyl (fungicide). The application of all the pesticides at commercial doses led to a decrease in soil microbial respiration. The inhibition of basal respiration and substrate-induced respiration rate decreased in the following order: chlorpyrifos > phosalone > dimethoate > λ-cyhalothrin ≈ kresoxim-methyl. Among all the pesticides assessed, chlorpyrifos showed the highest toxicity as well as the highest persistence. Several of the observed results differed greatly from previous studies; thus, local assessments are highly advisable. Given that environmental concerns can be a key decision factor for pesticide selection, assessment of different pesticides—such as undertaken in this study—could help farmers to choose the most appropriate pesticide.
Removal of triazines, triazoles and organophophates in biomixtures and application of a biopurification system for the treatment of laboratory wastewaters
2019, Chemosphere
Citation Excerpt :
Removal in BPS is usually reported for individual pesticides or mixtures of few active ingredients. In this work, the simultaneous presence of more than ten compounds (also considering the relatively high pesticide concentrations employed) may easily result in a more intensive affectation of microbial communities (Chu et al., 2008) including degrading populations, thus translating into removal delays for some compounds. The presence of pesticides that are highly toxic to soil microbial communities (such as tebuconazole and chlorpyrifos) hinders their own biodegradation, and consequently, their persistence increases with the application of high concentrations (Muñoz-Leoz et al., 2011).
Biopurification systems (BPS) have been barely explored for removing complex mixtures of pesticides. In this study, the potential of a biomixture to remove simultaneously a mixture of herbicides (triazines), fungicides (triazoles) and insecticides (organophosphates) is presented. Also, a BPS using the same biomixture was used for treating a pesticide testing laboratory wastewater containing a mixture of 38 compounds. Ecotoxicological assays were conducted on the BPS elutriates to investigate the mixture detoxification. A mixture (concentrations of 4–8 mg kg⁻¹) run in small–scale biomixture systems (SSB) for 128 d showed 59.3% removal of triazines, 68.5% of organophosphates and no elimination of triazoles. The treatment of the laboratory wastewater (individual concentrations range: 0.0036–0.25 mg kg⁻¹) in the pilot-scale BPS for 281 d resulted in the elimination pattern of organophosphates (90.0%) > triazoles (73.4%) > carbamates (71.3%) > triazines (54.3%). Complete detoxification towards Daphnia magna and partial detoxification in Lactuca sativa seeds germination occurred in the BPS. Although the pesticide mixture complexity is higher in the BPS, the lower concentrations found in this matrix, could explain removal differences between SSB and BPS and the apparent inhibition in the elimination of carbamates and some triazines observed in the latter. These findings suggest that disposal of pesticide–containing laboratory–wastewater should be done in separate containers, according to chemical groups before their treatment in separate BPS, in order to reduce treatment periods. Monitoring the treatment process in the BPS with a battery of ecotoxicological tests is strongly recommended.

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

Degradation of chlorpyrifos alone and in combination with chlorothalonil and their effects on soil microbial populations

Abstract

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

Chemosphere

Chemosphere

Chemosphere

Chemosphere

Appl Soil Ecol

Journal of Environmental Sciences

Persistence of chlorpyrifos in soils under different moisture regimes

Pestic Sci

Evaluation of methods to derive pesticide degradation parameters for regulatory modelling

Biol Fert Soils

Interactions between pesticides and wildlife

Annu Rev Entomol

Dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-vegetated soil in a greenhouse

Journal of Environmental Sciences

Effects of Chlorothalonil on Soil Microbial Populations and Enzyme Activities

J Agro-Environ Sci

Short-and long-term effects on soil microorganisms of two potato pesticide spraying sequences with either glufosinate or dinoseb as defoliants

Biol Fert Soils

Dissipation behavior of malathion and dimethoate residues from the soil and their uptake by garden pea (Pisum sativum)

B Environ Contam Tox

Degradation of chlorpyrifos in soil: influence of autoclaving, soil moisture, and temperature

J Econ Entomol

Interaction effects of insecticides on microbial populations and dehydrogenase activity in a black clay soil

J Environ Sci Heal B

Interactive effects of the fungicide chlorothalonil and the herbicide metribuzin towards the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani

B Environ Contam Toxicol

Population change and characteristics of chlorothalonil-degrading bacteria in soil

J Pestic Sci