Singlet oxygen and superoxide characteristics of a series of novel asymmetric photosensitizers
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The hydroxypyridinone iron chelator CP94 increases methyl-aminolevulinate-based photodynamic cell killing by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species
2016, Redox BiologyCitation Excerpt :For example, the detection of O2•− by hydroethidine can be performed by selectively exciting the O2•−-specific product, 2-hydroxyethidium [15]. Despite these improvements, however, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is considered the gold standard for detecting ROS directly and specifically [16–19]. Typically, a nitrone or nitroso compound is used to “trap” a free radical, producing a nitroxide (radical or spin adduct), which possesses stability considerably greater than that of the parent free radical [16,20,21].
PEGylated nanoparticles of diperylene bisimides with high efficiency of <sup>1</sup>O<inf>2</inf> generation
2013, Dyes and PigmentsCitation Excerpt :Therefore, successful PSs may accumulate in tumor tissue with high efficiency of 1O2 generation (ΦΔ) excited by the light window of therapy (650–900 nm), but displaying a low dark toxicity [5,6]. Presently most of the PDT drugs are based upon porphyrin derivatives and some of them have been applied clinically [7–9]. However, porphyrin-type PSs have their limitations, such as low photostability and structural instability.
Synthesis of chlorin-based unsaturated fatty acid conjugates: Their in vitro phototoxicity on TC-1 cancer cell line
2012, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: BiologyCitation Excerpt :To prepare the starting material, compound 1 was obtained from Spirulina maxima algae according to previously reported methodologies by Smith et al. [17a] and Galindev et al. [17b], which was then used to obtain compound 2. Compounds 3 (methyl pyropheophorbide-d), 4 (3-devinyl-3-(1′-hydroxyl) pyropheophorbide-a-methyl ester), and 7 (pyropheophorbide-a) were prepared by following known methodologies [19,21]. Compound 8 was first prepared from compound 7 in high yield using a DCC and NHS coupling reagents based on procedures reported by Ronsin et al. and Yoo and Park [20].
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