Electrodeposition of platinum on metallic and nonmetallic substrates — selection of experimental conditions

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(01)00337-6Get rights and content

Abstract

The possibility for platinum electrodeposition on metallic and nonmetallic electrodes has been examined. Several materials were used to prepare the working electrodes for platinum electrodeposition: tungsten, titanium, rhenium, zirconium, stainless steel, glassy carbon (GC), polyaniline, and poly(2-hydroxy-3-aminophenazine). Efforts were made to establish experimental conditions under which the very initial, nucleation stage of the platinum electrodeposition could be studied. It was found that tungsten, titanium, and GC were suitable substrates for nucleation and growth studies in aqueous 0.1 M HClO4 solution containing K2PtCl6.

Introduction

Electrocrystallization is a cheap and efficient method of producing catalytic materials based on the specific properties of small clusters. For that reason, nowadays many investigations are aimed at finding suitable experimental conditions for electrodeposition of metal catalysts: substrate carriers, electrolyte solutions and easily applicable experimental methods.

It is the main purpose of this study to examine the possibilities for platinum electrodeposition on different metallic and nonmetallic working electrodes. This choice was made because of the ever existing strong interest in the properties of platinum crystals as efficient catalysts for various chemical and electrochemical reactions. Efforts were also made to establish experimental conditions under which it would be possible to study the very initial, nucleation stage of the platinum electrodeposition. As it is known in this case, the metal is deposited in the form of separate single crystals with a strongly developed surface area and controlled size. It has been shown [1], [2], [3], [4] that the catalytic activity of platinum particles depends on the particle size. Therefore, well-defined distributions of platinum clusters obtained by short time potentiostatic pulse experiments could be used as model systems correlating particle size and catalytic activity. The early stages of platinum electrodeposition including nucleation and growth of platinum clusters have been scarcely studied [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] and one of the main purposes of this paper is to propose systems suitable for such investigations.

Section snippets

Experimental

Several different materials have been used to prepare working electrodes for the platinum electrodeposition: tungsten, titanium, zirconium, rhenium, stainless steel, glassy carbon (GC), polyaniline (PAni) and poly(2-hydroxy-3-aminophenazine) (pHAPh). PAni and pHAPh films were deposited electrochemically on a GC disc electrode. The working electrolyte was an aqueous solution of 2×10−3MK2PtCl6+0.1MHClO4 as a supporting electrolyte. In the case of pHAPh and PAni films, the working electrolyte was

Tungsten

Platinum was electrodeposited on a tungsten disc electrode cut from a tungsten wire (Johnson Matthey, purity 99.95%, 1 mm diameter) and fixed into a glass tube with epoxy resin. Fig. 1a shows cyclic voltammograms for the deposition of platinum obtained by continuous cycling the potential in the region between 0 and −0.67 V in cell 2. For comparison, Fig. 1b shows the cyclic voltammograms of tungsten recorded in cell 1 before and after deposition of Pt in cell 2. As can be seen in Fig. 1a, during

Conclusions

  • 1.

    Platinum can be deposited electrochemically on different metallic and nonmetallic electrodes in acidic aqueous solutions containing K2PtCl6.

  • 2.

    Some of the electrodes used are suitable substrates for nucleation and growth studies (see Table 1).

Acknowledgements

The financial support of NATO, International Scientific Exchange Program “Linkage Grant”, Project No. CRG LG 972954 is gratefully acknowledged.

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