Revisión
La incontinencia urinaria en las personas mayores de 65 años: visión desde la enfermería geriátricaUrinary incontinence in elderly individuals aged more than 65 years old: a view from geriatric nursing☆

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Resumen

Se presenta una revisión del estado actual de la incontinencia urinaria en las personas mayores de 65 años. La fuente empleada se basa en una estrategia de búsqueda de las bases de datos Cuiden, Cinahl, Medline y Cochrane, durante los meses de mayo-junio de 2003. Se analizan los trabajos publicados entre 1997 y 2003 en el ámbito geográfico de Estados Unidos, Canadá y Europa. De las 176 referencias bibliográficas iniciales, se seleccionaron 33 artículos. Según éstos, la incontinencia urinaria en ancianos tiene elevada prevalencia y oscila entre un 15,5 y un 52,0%. La prevalencia es más elevada en mujeres, personas de mayor edad, dependientes o con deterioro cognitivo. Se insiste en que sigue siendo un problema poco tratado, tanto por la falta de comunicación de los afectados como por la falta de concienciación del personal sanitario. Además, se revisan los diferentes tratamientos no invasivos que han mostrado beneficios en estos pacientes: reeducación vesical, cambios en el estilo de vida o rehabilitación con ejercicios de refuerzo del suelo pélvico.

Abstract

We review the state-of-the-art on urinary incontinence in individuals aged more than 65 years old. The sources used were based on a search of the Cuiden, Cinahl, Medline and Cochrane databases from May to June, 2003. Studies published between 1997 and 2003 in the USA, Canada and Europe were analyzed. Of the 176 studies initially retrieved, 33 articles were selected. According to these articles, the prevalence of urinary incontinence in the elderly is high, ranging from 15.5% to 52.0%. The prevalence is higher in women, in individuals of advanced age, and in those with dependency and cognitive impairment. This problem is under-treated, due to underreporting by affected individuals and lack of awareness among health staff. The various non-invasive treatments that benefit these patients are discussed: bladder reeducation, lifestyle changes, and rehabilitation with exercises to reinforce the pelvic floor.

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    ☆

    El presente trabajo forma parte del Proyecto Científico de la Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cuidados a Personas Mayores, financiado por el Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (G03/100).

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    Copyright © 2007 Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología. Published by Elsevier España S.L. All rights reserved.