Chapter 20 Motor Units of Extraocular Muscles: Recent Findings
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Cited by (27)
Motor Units and Muscle Receptors
2018, Muscle and Exercise PhysiologyExtraocular muscle motor units characterized by spike-triggered averaging in alert monkey
2012, Journal of Neuroscience MethodsCitation Excerpt :Determining motor unit type, however, requires measurement of the magnitude and temporal profile of forces produced by its muscle fibers, as well as motoneuron activity, which until now has only been possible using electrical stimulation in anesthetized animals (e.g. Shall and Goldberg, 1992). These studies support the notion of physiological heterogeneity of extraocular motor units in both cats and monkeys (e.g. Shall and Goldberg, 1992; Goldberg and Shall, 1999), but electrophysiological studies in alert macaques nevertheless continue to consider motoneurons as a single functional class, differing only on continua of threshold and sensitivity (e.g. Fuchs and Luschei, 1971; Robinson, 1970; Fuchs et al., 1988; Gamlin et al., 1989; Gamlin and Mays, 1992; Sylvestre and Cullen, 1999). Thus, to date, electrophysiological study of oculomotility in alert macaques has been limited to correlating motoneuron activity with eye movement, without regard to motor unit type.
Do motoneurons encode the noncommutativity of ocular rotations?
2005, NeuronCitation Excerpt :Because there is no torsional component in the on-direction of medial rectus motoneurons (Suzuki et al., 1999), the neural hypothesis predicts an eye position-dependent change in the firing rates of vertical, but not horizontal, motoneurons. As experimental observations do not agree with these predictions, we suggest that the occasional small eye position dependence, seen in either vertical or horizontal motoneuron firing, is most likely unrelated to noncommutative-driven torsion and probably due to other complexities of the eye plant (Goldberg et al., 1998; Goldberg and Shall, 1999; Miller and Robins, 1992; Porrill et al., 2000; Quaia and Optican, 2003). The small eye position dependence could also be due to the small (∼0.7°; see Experimental Procedures) vergence angle changes for central versus eccentric targets (Mays et al., 1991).
Single cell signals: An oculomotor perspective
2003, Progress in Brain ResearchMolecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the generation of fiber diversity during myogenesis
2002, International Review of CytologyStrabismus and sensory-motor function of eye muscles
2005, Journal of Integrative Neuroscience