2 Kinetic aspects in the design of prolonged action ocular drug delivery systems

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This chapter reviews the relevant kinetic factors that should be taken into account when prolonged action dosage forms are designed for topical ocular, subconjunctival, or intravitreal use. The performance of the ocular drug delivery system is determined by the in vivo drug release rate from the delivery system, the pharmacokinetics of the released drug, and the interactions of the biological system and the delivery system. The ocular physiology/biochemistry and pharmacokinetic properties of each drug set the limits and requirements in the system design. Schematic presentation of ocular pharmacokinetics related to topical ocular drug administration is presented in the chapter. A topical ocular delivery system for prolonged drug action may be polydisperse (suspension, particulates, liposomes), viscous liquid, gel, gelling vehicle, or solid insert. The behavior of controlled release systems can be substantially changed by physical and chemical characteristics of the polymers or other adjuvants. Systemic pharmacokinetics influence the effect that a controlled release system may have on the drug concentration profile in plasma.

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