Novel transformation of 23-bromosapogenins. Synthesis of (22S,23R)-22-hydroxy-23,26-epoxyfurostanes
(22S,23S)-23-Bromosapogenins undergo rearrangement to the (22S,23R)-22-hydroxy-23,26-epoxyfurostanes during alkaline hydrolysis.
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Acknowledgments
The work was financially supported by the Polish Ministry of Education within the project BST-124. X-Ray analysis was performed by Dr. R. Anulewicz-Ostrowska from the University of Warsaw. I.J. thanks the University of Warsaw for the fellowship.
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Cited by (24)
A synthesis of cephalostatin 1
2019, TetrahedronCitation Excerpt :Dinorcholanic lactones, to which 8 belongs, are versatile intermediates that preserve all the stereocenters on the ring E of steroidal sapogenins, and thus received much attention from synthetic chemists. Several methods were reported [70–81] and our solution is an abnormal Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of steroidal sapogenins [82]. In the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine and H2SO4, oxidation of rockogenin diacetate 10 with freshly prepared peracetic acid afforded the desired 8 after a sequential saponification on 200 g scale and in 84% yield (Scheme 5).
Mechanistic insights on the reactivity of furospirostanes with the 16β,22:22,25-diepoxy-23-acetoxymethyl-24-methyl side chain
2013, SteroidsCitation Excerpt :The increasing number of naturally occurring bioactive steroids that bear the furospirostane side chain includes compounds that have shown interesting antitumor activity such as ritterazines (1), cephalostatins (2) [6–10], hippuristanols (3) [11–15], as well as the antihypertensive glycosides of nuatigenin (4) [16] among others (see Fig. 2). Unlike spirostanic sapogenins, the side-chain reactivity of which has received considerable attention in the past 70 years selected Ref. [17–37], the studies of the reactivity of the furospirostane side chain are rather scarce [38–42]. In particular, Fuchs and coworkers hypothesized that the cytotoxic activity of cephalostatins may be related to the possibility of the generation of oxacarbenium ions around C-22 [43–44].
On the reactivity of 23-methoxycarbonyl furospirostanes
2011, SteroidsCitation Excerpt :Steroids bearing spiroketal side chains are widespread in both the natural and synthetic domains. Spirostanic sapogenins (see Fig. 1) the reactivity of which has produced a wide variety of interesting reactions [4–24] are characterized by the presence of a 16β,22:22,26-diepoxy moiety in the side chain, being 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5] decane derivatives. Such compounds have been subject of much research due to their intrinsic biological activity [25–30] as well as their usefulness as starting materials for the synthesis of bioactive compounds such as sex and adrenocortical hormones, [4] ecdysteroids, [31] plant growth stimulators, [32–38] and cytotoxic steroids, [39–45] among many others.
Studies on the BF<inf>3</inf>·Et<inf>2</inf>O catalyzed Baeyer-Villiger reaction of spiroketalic steroidal ketones
2011, SteroidsCitation Excerpt :In particular, steroid sapogenins bearing a substituent at position C-23 show different reactivity profiles compared with the unsubstituted ones. The presence of a substituent enhances the spectrum of reactions in which the spiroketal moiety, depending on the nature of the substituent, can participate including solvolytic, radical, and nucleophilic reactions and sigmatropic rearrangements, etc. [18–29]. We have recently described the Baeyer–Villiger (BV) reaction of 23-oxosapogenins with MCPBA in CH2Cl2, which produces a mixture of a bisnorcholanic lactone 2 and a cyclic carbonate 3 in a ratio that depends on the temperature at which the reaction was carried out (see Scheme 1 and Table 1) [30,31].
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Formerly: University of Warsaw, Bialystok Branch.