A novel method for coating of carbon nanotube on cellulose fiber using 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid as a cross-linking agent
Highlights
► Introduction of MWCNTs in nanocomposite coating of cotton as a novel research work. ► Enhancement of thermal stability of the cotton after nanocomposite coating. ► Enhancement of stability of MWCNTs on cotton after nanocomposite coating.
Introduction
Carbon nanotubes have unique tubular structures, nanometer diameter and a large length/diameter ratio [1], [2]. The basic shape of CNT's wall is a cylinder, which is a graphene sheet rolled into a cylinder of nanometer size diameter [1], [2]. CNTs have superior physical and chemical properties and a super strong mechanical performance. Furthermore, they are suitable for many applications such as sensors and probes, thermal resistance, energy storage, optical, electronic and medical applications [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. The excellent mechanical properties of CNTs make them filler material of choice for composite reinforcement therefore CNTs are ideal candidates for reinforcing polymer matrices. In addition, they are known for spinning with various polymers such as poly (lactic acid) [8], bacterial cellulose [9] and polyurethane [10]. However, due to the non-reactive surface of the CNTs, their non-homogenous dispersion and aggregation, they cannot be mixed spontaneously with most polymers [10], [11].
Recently a great deal of attention has been focused on applying CNTs on textile fabrics. Various methods have been employed for modifying fabrics using CNTs. Shim et al. produced intelligent e-textiles using a polyelectrolyte-based coating with CNTs [12]. Dyeing fabric with carbon black nano-particles and CNTs has been reported and the exhaustion method has been used for coloration of textiles using surface modified carbon black (self-dispersible carbon black) [13]. Additionally, Panhuis et al. dyed textile material by immersion in either a poly (2-methoxy aniline-5-sulfonic acid) PMAS polymer solution or PMAS-SWNT dispersion with enhanced conductivity and capacitance with a durable behavior [14]. In another study, Hu and coworkers coated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with a simple “dipping and drying” process for wearable electronics and energy storage applications [15]. CNTs have an aligned nanotube structure and a negative surface charge. Therefore, they have similar structures to direct dyes. In this study, for the first time, CNTs were used for coating of cotton fabric at the boiling point by a cationic surfactant as the dispersing agent and an electrolyte to increase absorption and penetration for preparation of the coated fabric. Finally, the after-treatment of fabric with carboxylic acid was carried out to increase the fastness of CNTs. It was observed that carboxylic acid plays a prominent role in stabilizing nanoparticles [16] and CNTs [17]. The direct utilization and stabilization of CNTs in the coating process is considered as a new application of CNTs in textile production. Therefore, this procedure focuses on a novel method for preparing multifunctional fabric.
Section snippets
Materials
A desized, scoured and bleached plain weave 100% cotton fabric with 36 wrap/cm and 26 weft/cm was supplied by Yazdbaf Fabrics Company (Yazd, Iran). Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from the Iranian Research Institute of petroleum Industry was used with 5% of carbon impurities. Their length was about 10 μm and the average outer diameter was 10–30 nm. BTCA, SHP, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium chloride (NaCl) and Tryptic soy agar (for microbiology) were supplied by Merck Chemical
Structural information by FTIR spectra
The infrared spectra of MWCNTs, the untreated cotton, the cotton cross-linked with BTCA and the cotton cross-linked with the 500 ppm MWCNTs/BTCA composite are shown in Fig. 1.
The incidence of 3424 cm−1 width band in Fig. 1a is attributed to the presence of hydroxyl groups (–OH) on the surface of the MWCNTs. The presence of this peak indicates some defects in the MWCNTs crystalline structure even without any pre-treatments. The MWCNTs may react further with the ambient oxygen and the atmospheric
Conclusion
MWCNTs and a cross-linking agent were used to fabricate a multifunctional coating on the cotton through an exhaustion then pad-dry-cure after-treatment method. The stabilization of CNTs in the composite coating was achieved by a reaction of BTCA and cellulose chains. This reaction process resulted in the attachment of MWCNTs to the surfaces of the cellulose fibers. The FTIR spectra showed the cross-linking reaction between the carboxylic acid group of BTCA and cellulose to form ester and ether
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