Original ArticleProspective Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Women
Section snippets
Description of the Cohort at Risk for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
The NHS began in 1976 when 121 700 female registered nurses between the ages of 30 and 55 living in 11 U.S. states enrolled in a study of lifestyle habits and chronic diseases. Participants have returned biennial questionnaires on dietary and lifestyle patterns as well as on any newly diagnosed diseases, including diabetes mellitus and glaucoma. The active follow-up rate in the NHS from 1976 through 2000, defined as the number of person-years with responses to biennial questionnaires divided by
Results
In this analysis, 76 318 female nurses contributed 998 292 person-years of follow-up from 1980 to 2000. As shown in Table 1, women with T2DM contributed 3% of total person time. Subjects with T2DM tended to have higher BMI, more hypertension, less physical activity, and less alcohol intake. These differences were controlled for in multivariate analyses.
We identified 429 cases of incident POAG, of whom 30 (7%) had T2DM (Table 2). The age-adjusted RR of POAG among participants with T2DM was 1.53
Discussion
In this large prospective cohort of female nurses, we found that T2DM was associated with an increased risk of POAG. The strengths of our study are its prospective design and 20 years’ follow-up with data on a large number of important potential confounders. Previous cross-sectional studies of the relation between diabetes and POAG have the limitation of possible reverse causation, especially in studies where POAG cases included were those occurring before diabetes was diagnosed.3, 4
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Cited by (0)
Manuscript no. 2005-962.
The authors have no financial interest related to this article.
Supported by National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (grant nos.: CA 87969, EY09611, EY015473).