Original research articleAnalysis of the linear/nonlinear optical properties of basic fuchsin dye/FTO films: Controlling the laser power of red/green lasers
Introduction
The organic dye based thin films have been attracting many researchers owing to their widespread usage in current technological applications, for example, solar cells, photo sensors, memory devices, optical display devices [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. The organic dye based thin films possess huge advantages to compare to inorganic films in terms of uniform distribution area, high charge mobility, low-cost preparation, biodegradable nature and low-temperature preparation [[5], [6], [7], [8], [9]]. When these dyes coated on conducting substrates they produced highly oriented nanostructures with high photo absorption regions and high efficiency [10]. Moreover, these dyes also produce high intermolecular transitions makes them a potential candidate for high-efficiency solar cell applications [11]. Also, it is well stated that the dye based films showed high nonlinearity, low angular sensitivity and excellent dielectric effect for modulation and photovoltaic devices [12].
Basic fuchsin is a triaminotriphenylmethane dye belongs to a triarylmethane category. It found huge applications in the field of coloring agent for staining biological tissues and in the textile and leather industry [13,14]. Such an important dye coated on conducting substrates like FTO, it provides huge advantages nonlinear optical properties and increasing its usage in various optical devices. In literature, some of the dye-based thin films such as Rhodamine B [15] and copper phthalocyanine [12]…etc, are reported for various device applications. Recently, few reports are available on basic fuchsin dye in polymeric films, chemical degradation, nanoparticles, colloids etc. Mohammed et al (2018) studied the synthesis and optical studies of fuchsin dye on polymeric films [16]. Ahlem Taamallaha et al reported the sonochemical degradation of BF dye using ultrasound waves [17]. Bini Pathrose et al studied the effect of BF dye on silver nanoparticles and reported various properties [18]. Pan Duo-Hai also reported the effect of Bf dye and studied the Raman scattering in silver collides [19]. Among all these studies, there is no reports are available on basic fuchsin (BF) dye thin films which possess more capable nature compare to other reported dyes in the field of organic semiconductors.
In present work, we report the deposition of a new basic fuchsin dye of different thicknesses on the FTO substrate. Various measurements such as structural, surface morphology, optical studies, calculations of linear and nonlinear optical parameters and optical limiting were applied to stand up the essential properties of these materials. Linear and nonlinear parameters of basic fuchsin dye thin films have been calculated, analyzed an interpreter for their applications in optoelectronic devices. Also, we reported the laser attenuation of the studied films under two laser sources of wavelength i.e. 632 nm and 532 nm for laser filers.
Section snippets
Preparation of basic fuchsin dye on FTO substrate
The molecular formula of basic fuchsin (C20H20CIN3) and its structure is given in Fig.1. Prepare BF/FTO films, BF dye is it is dissolved in an ethanol solution. The as-prepared solution is filtered in a glass beaker and housed in a dark room for 48 h. After that, the as-prepared BF dye is coated on FTO substrate at different rpm varying from 1000 to 5000 with an interval of 1000 rpm at room temperature to get the different thickness of BF/FTO films. The as-prepared films are left to dry at room
XRD study of BF/FTO films
Fig. 2 shows the XRD patterns of different thickness of BF/FTO films. From this figure, it is understood that all the present films are showing dominate FTO layers diffraction peaks with the absence of the strong diffraction lines of BF dye. The observed diffraction peaks are matched with JCPDS (No-41-1445) for FTO layers. A similar type of nature is observed in different organic dyes deposited on FTO substrate [20,21]. The most of organic dyes are indicate amorphous nature on FTO glass
Conclusion
For the present study, it is concluded that high quality nanostructured basic fuchsin thin films dye coated FTO glass are prepared for the first time. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the amorphous nature of BF on FTO glass substrate. The transmittance is reached around 80%, in the visible region indicates the present samples found huge applications in many optical devices such as photovoltaic, photodiodes, photo-sensors…etc. The optical band gap is observed in two regions at lower energy
Acknowledgment
This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah under grant no.(G: 474-363-1439). The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR technical and finical support.
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