Natural–origin polymers as carriers and scaffolds for biomolecules and cell delivery in tissue engineering applications☆
Section snippets
General introduction
Tissue engineering is the promising therapeutic approach that combines cells, biomaterials, and microenvironmental factors to induce differentiation signals into surgically transplantable formats and promote tissue repair and/or functional restoration. Despite many advances, tissue engineers still face significant challenges in repairing or replacing tissues that serve predominantly biomechanical functions such as articular cartilage. One obstacle can be identified as the scaffolds play an
Polyhydroxyalkanoates
In nature, a special group of polyesters is produced by a wide variety of microorganisms as an internal carbon and energy storage, as part of their survival mechanism [278]. Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was first mentioned in the scientific literature as early as 1901 [1]. Bacterially synthesized polyhydoxyalkanoates (PHAs) have attract much attention because they can be produced from a variety of renewable resources, and are truly biodegradable and highly biocompatible thermoplastic materials
Final remarks and future directions
Natural origin polymers have received considerable interest for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. However, the combination of both applications into a single material has proven to be very challenging. This paper reviews the properties of natural–origin materials that render them attractive for applications where the combination of a scaffold material and a carrier for an active biomolecules is desirable. We also review research works were this combination of properties has
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support to the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology for the PhD Grant to Patrícia B. Malafaya (SFRH/BD/11155/2002), the European STREP HIPPOCRATES (NMP3-CT-2003-505758) and the European NoE EXPERTISSUES (NMP3-CT-2004-500283).
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This review is part of the Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews theme issue on “Matrices and Scaffolds for Drug Delivery in Tissue Engineering”.
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Equally contributing authors.