Bladder Cancer

Bladder Cancer

2018, Pages 45-55
Bladder Cancer

Chapter 4 - Symptoms

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809939-1.00004-7Get rights and content

Abstract

The most common presenting symptom of bladder cancer is hematuria. Approximately 80%–90% of patients with bladder cancer present with painless gross hematuria. Among these cases, asymptomatic microscopic hematuria is more common and is defined as three or more red blood cells per high-powered microscopy field. The diagnosis of hematuria in adults requires only a single positive microscopic urinalysis because of its highly intermittent nature and the serious medical conditions caused by it. Since there are various medical conditions that cause hematuria, differential diagnosis is required through thorough evaluation of medical history. Bladder cancer also can cause irritative voiding symptoms, particularly with carcinoma in situ. Metastatic tumors may produce various symptoms depending on their location, such as bone pain or flank pain.

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