11 - Parenteral Delivery of Peptides and Proteins

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384964-9.00011-6Get rights and content

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This chapter focuses on developments in the injectables for peptide and protein (P/P) delivery to improve their therapeutic response and reduce their side effects and immunogenicity, and on the relevant aspects of formulating the therapeutic protein in a suitable delivery system. P/P drugs are currently administered by the parenteral route. However, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of P/P—such as short half-life, plasma protein binding, susceptibility to various degradation in the bioenvironment and during processing like proteolysis and oxidation, and other stability-related problems—require attention when designing suitable delivery systems for P/P drugs. Polymers are an integral part of many parenteral controlled release particulate systems. For use in the body, these polymers must be biocompatible and preferably biodegradable. Some of the more promising delivery systems include oil-based injections, hydrogels, implants, liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, and pulsatile delivery systems. PEGylated proteins and protein crystals can provide controlled release and protection to the P/P drugs. Pulsatile delivery systems may be externally regulated or self-regulated, and such systems are desirable for P/P drugs as they reduce the side effects related to P/P therapy.

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