Chapter 590 - Chymases
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Surface loops of trypsin-like serine proteases as determinants of function
2019, BiochimieCitation Excerpt :Human mast cells belong to the immune system, defending the host against intruding pathogens, such as bacteria and parasites, with chymotryptic chymases and tryptic tryptases as prominent serine proteases, and other proteases that are stored as zymogens in secretory granules, which release their content when immune signals initiate degranulation [123]. Chymase, an α-chymase, is the only human member of these specialized serine proteases, which are more diversified and better characterized in rodents, with up to five different α- and β-chymases [124]. Four human tryptases are known: α-tryptase (tryptase alpha 1) prefers P1-Lys over P1-Arg, like β-tryptase (tryptase beta 1/2/3), γ-tryptase (tryptase gamma 1) favors P1-Arg, while δ-tryptase (tryptase delta 1) is inactive [125,126].
Estrogen modulates the differential expression of cardiac myocyte chymase isoforms and diastolic function
2019, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry