Molecular Adaptation to Physiological Requirements: The Hemoglobin System of Trout

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The existence of specific carriers deputed to the transport of oxygen from the outer environment to the place of utilization is widespread in nature. Under the pressure of the variable oxygen requirements, a series of adaptive mechanisms involving the different “gears” of the machine deputed to the supply of oxygen to the tissues has come into operation. Allosteric effects have become apparent in studies on hemoglobins; those on the structural and functional properties of hemoglobins have been largely carried out on the proteins extracted from mammals. Contrary to the case in mammals and birds, a multiplicity of hemoglobin components is generally found in the blood of fish, reptiles, and amphibians. This chapter discusses the structural and functional properties of the various hemoglobin components of the blood of trout (Salmo irideus). On the basis of the behavior of the isolated hemoglobin components from trout blood and of their distribution among the erythrocytes, it has been possible to provide a “rationale” for the existence of several hemoglobins.

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    Present address: Institute of Biochemistry, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

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