Effect of runoff concentration on growth and yield of jujube

doi:10.1016/0378-3774(82)90040-3

Agricultural Water Management

Volume 5, Issue 1, May 1982, Pages 73-84

https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(82)90040-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

Different combinations of slope (0.5, 5 and 10%), slope length (5.12, 7.0, 8.5, 10.75 and 14.5 m) and catchment size (0, 31.5, 54, 72, 99 and 144 m²) aimed at generating runoff supplement of 200–400 mm per tree were studied with respect to yield of runoff, soil moisture storage and fruit yield of jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.) under hot arid conditions. The runoff and soil moisture storage increased with the slope and decreased with the slope length. Similar trends were observed with regard to the fruit yield. Catchment/planted area ratios of 2:1, 1.5:1 and 0.87:1, respectively, are recommended for higher yields of jujube on slopes of 0.5, 5 and 10% with slope lengths of 8.5, 7.0 and 5.12 m.

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Effects of permanent ground cover on soil moisture in jujube orchards under sloping ground: A simulation study
2014, Agricultural Water Management
Citation Excerpt :
While, a different conclusion was drawn from our study that, although soil water content decreased to some extent at the end of the growing season under ground cover treatments, the results of the height and SPAD for jujube trees and leaves proved that the moisture reduction did not limit jujube tree growth in the following year. Another possible reason may be related to different plant species used in this study, as jujube tree is particularly a drought-tolerant plant (Ojasvi et al., 1999; Sharma et al., 1982, 1986). Moreover, Merwin and Stiles (1994) reported that the comprehensive effect of vegetation ground cover is associated with the growth age of covered grasses in fruit orchards.
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Rainwater-use efficiency of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)) under different conservation measures in the high hills of south India
2011, Applied Geography
Citation Excerpt :
Precipitation or rainwater-use efficiency can be increase through suitable rainwater conservation measures which decrease surface runoff (blue water) and increase soil moisture (green water) storage capacity. Micro-catchment water-harvesting can improve soil moisture storage, prolong the period of moisture availability, and enhance growth of crops (Carter & Miller, 1991; Evenari, Shanan, & Tadmor, 1968; Finkel & Finkel, 1987; Li, 2000; Li, Gong, & Wei, 2000; Reiz, Maulder, & Begemann, 1988; Sharma, Pareek, & Singh, 1982). Runoff during intense rainfall can be greatly reduced by a good mulch cover, canopy cover, and conservation measures.
Enhancing productivity of rainfed crops is vital to meet the growing population needs through effective rainwater conservation measures. A field study was conducted during 1995–2003 with rainwater conservation measures, viz., contour staggered trenches (CST), cover crop of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and CST + cover crop in tea plantation on 25% land slope. Rainwater-use efficiency (RWUE) of tea was maximum in cover crop (4.34–18.09 kg ha mm⁻¹) followed by CST + cover crop (4.69–16.79 kg ha mm⁻¹), and CST (3.71 - 16.50 kg ha mm⁻¹) in comparison to the control treatment (no conservation measure). Six years average rainwater productivity of tea leaves was 1.01, 0.98, 0.94 and 0.85 kg m⁻³ for cover crop, CST + cover crop, CST and control, respectively. Rainwater productivity was increased by 19% with cover crop and 16% with CST + cover crop over control. Mean increase in yield of tea leaves by 25–37%, was associated with reduction in runoff (29–51%) and soil loss (25–68%) due to rainwater conservation treatments. Canopy development of tea had direct relationship with yield of tea and reduction in runoff and soil loss. It was recommended to adopt cover crop along with CST for increasing rainwater productivity and socio-economic status of the small tea growers in the region.
Rainfall harvesting on slopes using contour furrows with plastic-covered transverse ridges for growing Caragana korshinskii in the semiarid region of China
2008, Agricultural Water Management
A rainwater harvesting system on slopes using contour furrows with plastic-covered transverse ridges designed to be used in small rainfall dominated areas of the semiarid loess region of China has been tested from 2001 to 2004. The system consisted of constructing contour furrows on the loess slope at a distance of 5 m with plastic-covered transverse ridges built in the furrows between shrubs of Caragana korshinskii. There were three treatments in the study: (1) plastic-covered ridge with gravel-mulched furrows (T1), (2) plastic-covered ridge with bare furrows (T2), and (3) control (no ridge and no contour furrow) (T3).
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Increasing potato yields with additional water and increased soil temperature
2005, Agricultural Water Management
Many water saving practices have been adopted to dryland crop production such as in semiarid loess regions of China. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted to examine the yield promotion of potato crops cultivated with in plastic-covered ridges and supplied with water from a furrow rainfall harvesting (PRFRH) system. The experiment included seven treatments: (1) 30 cm wide ridge covered with plastic film (P30), (2) 45 cm wide ridge covered with plastic film (P45), (3) 60 cm wide ridge covered with plastic film (P60), (4) 30 cm wide ridge without covering (B30), (5) 45 cm wide ridge without covering (B45), (6) 60 cm wide ridge without covering (B60), (7) soil surface flat without covering (B0). The PRFRH system increased temperature and availability of nutrients in the ridges, and maintained soil moisture in ridges. It promoted crop growth during the early period and diminished water stress at the later stages of potato growth. Potato yield as well as the water use efficiency in the PRFRT system was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than in the other systems. The best ridge width was between 40 and 45 cm.
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2004, Journal of Arid Environments
An economic analysis was conducted for temporal yield variations of four local grape cultivars grown in rain-fed microcatchments in the Bajgah area of Fars province, in Islamic Republic of Iran. For this study, four local cultivars of grapes were considered. The cultivars examined were Black Rishbaba, Rotabi, Asgari and Black grapes. The soil type was a gravely loam with an average slope of 5–6%, in microcatchment systems, and in plots without microcatchments. Analysis of yield data with a multiple regression model indicated that a 9 m² (3×3 m) microcatchment area for each individual plant (vine) was the most appropriate area for vineyards in this region. The results also demonstrated that by using this area for each grapevine, yields (kg/ha) were 40% greater than yields obtained for vines in the standard vineyard (without microcatchments) in this area. Economic analysis was performed and the cost and income were compared for a depreciation period (life-span period) of 50 years and interest rate of 14%. The analysis showed that a microcatchment area of 9 m² is economically feasible. The Black Rishbaba rain-fed vines were the most suitable cultivar for this region. The benefit probabilities of rain-fed Black Rishbaba, Rotabi, Asgari and Black grapes with a microcatchment area of 9 m² and without such an area were 63.3% (i.e. two of 3 years), 52.4% (i.e. one of 2 years), 32.9% (i.e. one of 3 years), 13.3% (i.e. one of 8 years), and 59.5% (i.e. two of 3 years), 39.4% (i.e. two of 5 years), 31.8% (i.e. one of 3 years), and 10.7% (i.e. one of 9 years), respectively. Therefore, the Black Rishbaba and Rotabi cultivars are economically more stable in microcatchment system, while only the Black Rishbaba cultivar would be such in the standard vineyard system.
Effects of different ridge:furrow ratios and supplemental irrigation on crop production in ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system with mulches
2002, Agricultural Water Management
The ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (RFRH) system with mulches is being promoted to increase water availability for crops for higher and stable agricultural production in many areas of the Loess Plateau in northwest China. In the system, plastic-covered ridges serve as rainfall-harvesting zones and stone-, straw- or film-mulched furrows serve as planting zones. To adopt this system more effectively, a field study (using corn as an indicator crop) was conducted to determine the effects of different ridge:furrow ratios and supplemental irrigation on crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in the RFRH system with mulches during the growing seasons of 1998 and 1999.
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Effect of runoff concentration on growth and yield of jujube

Abstract

Precipitation

The Negev — the Challenge of a Desert

Runoff inducement in arid lands

Final Tech. Rep., USDA Project A 10-SWC-36

Arid Zone Development: Potentialities and Problems

Water harvesting and management for food and fiber production in the semi-arid tropics