Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for analysis of 2- and 3-hydroxylated fatty acids: Application for endotoxin measurement
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Cited by (60)
Hydroxy fatty acids in the surface Earth system
2024, Science of the Total EnvironmentGlobal calibration of novel 3-hydroxy fatty acid based temperature and pH proxies
2021, Geochimica et Cosmochimica ActaCitation Excerpt :All the 3-OH-FAs TMSi esters show diagnostic fragment ions, m/z 175 ([CH3]3SiO = CHCH2CO2CH3+), due to the cleavage between C3 and C4, and M+−15 (base peak) results from a loss of a CH3 group. Other characteristic ions include m/z 103, 89, 133, 159, and M+−31 (Eglinton et al., 1968; Mielniczuk et al., 1993; Volkman et al., 1999; Wang et al., 2016). Analytical error bars are based on a) 14% of the soil samples being extracted and processed in duplicate or triplicate, e.g. ‘process duplicates’ and the average s.d. being applied to the samples that were not processed in duplicate (for this study, Wang et al., 2016, 2018), or b) triplicate injections e.g. Huguet et al., 2019.
Detailed analysis of the fatty acid composition of six plant-pathogenic bacteria
2021, Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life SciencesCitation Excerpt :After separation, aliquots of the OH-FAME fraction (fraction 2, gained with 6 mL ethyl acetate [27]) were silylated with 50 µL BSTFA/TMCS (99:1, v/v) and 25 µL distilled pyridine [28,29] and measured on GC/MS system II. 3-TMS-O-FAMEs were studied by means of the diagnostic fragment ion at m/z 175 along with [M−15]+, because the molecular ion (M+) is not detectable [30]. Semi-quantitative amounts of OH-FAMEs were determined after trimethylsilylation by means of the response factor of a quantitative solution of 3-TMS-O-16:0-ME standard solution.
Impacts of pH and temperature on soil bacterial 3-hydroxy fatty acids: Development of novel terrestrial proxies
2016, Organic GeochemistryCitation Excerpt :A significant body of literature demonstrates that the dominant precursors for C10–C18 3-OH-FAs compounds in the environment are Gram-negative bacteria (Wollenweber and Rietschel, 1990; Saraf et al., 1997; Szponar et al., 2002, 2003; Keinänen et al., 2003). 3-OH-FAs in the C10–C18 range are accepted as diagnostic markers for the characterisation and quantification of Gram-negative bacterial LPS (i.e., endotoxins) in clinical and environmental studies (Sonesson et al., 1990; Mielniczuk et al., 1993; Saraf et al., 1997; Szponar et al., 2002; Keinänen et al., 2003; Wakeham et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2004, 2007; Ferrando et al., 2005; Kraśnik et al., 2006). However, one study suggests C10–C18 3-OH-FAs are also produced by Gram-positive Lactobacillus plantarum (Sjogren et al., 2003).
Very-long-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids, 3-hydroxy fatty acid methyl esters and 2-alkanols from cuticular waxes of Aloe arborescens leaves This contribution is in honor of Professor Vincenzo de Luca's 60th birthday
2015, PhytochemistryCitation Excerpt :Acid hydrolysis of glycolipids from various bacterial strains had revealed normal, as well as anteiso and iso methyl-branched C9 to C16 3-hydroxy acids in Coxiella burnetii (Wollenweber et al., 1985), C12 to C18 in several Bacteroides species (Mayberry, 1980), and mostly n-C14 in Salmonella lipopolysaccharides (Rietschel et al., 1972). Even organic household dust had been found to contain primarily even-numbered C10–C18 3-hydroxy fatty acids of the same bacterial (Mielniczuk et al., 1993) or, alternatively, fungal origin (Saraf et al., 1997). Also, several species of Rhodotorula red yeast had been shown to produce extracellular glycolipids incorporating C16 and C18 3-hydroxy fatty acids (Tulloch and Spencer, 1964).
Bioactive and total endotoxins in atmospheric aerosols in the Pearl River Delta region, China
2012, Atmospheric Environment
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