Therapeutic reviewBotulinum A toxin (Oculinum®) in ophthalmology☆
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Cited by (98)
Treatment for functional epiphora with botulinum toxin-A versus lateral tarsal strip in a randomized trial
2022, Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de OftalmologiaInjectable and topical neurotoxins in dermatology: Indications, adverse events, and controversies
2017, Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyUse of botulinum toxin in a patient with pendular congenital nystagmus
2012, Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de OftalmologiaBotulinum neurotoxin A: A review
2012, Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryCitation Excerpt :The paralytic effect of BoNT-A is dose-related with the peak effect occurring between 5 and 8 days.23 This chemical denervation is permanent and histopathological examination of treated muscle shows atrophy with mild demyelination at the neuron terminal.18 The reason for the loss of effect after 3–6 months has been shown to be due to synaptic switching24 and neurogenic axonal sprouting.25
Ophthalmic and Orbital Complications of Head and Neck Surgery
2009, Complications in Head and Neck Surgery with CD Image Bank
- ☆
Supported in part by the Hippocrates Foundation from Tokyo Medical College and an Unrestricted Research Grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc.
- 1
Dr. Osako is currently working in the Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical College Hospital (6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan 160).
- 2
Dr. Keltner is a consultant to Allergan Pharmaceuticals.
Copyright © 1991 Published by Elsevier Inc.