Note
Occurrence of 3-hydroxy acids in microalgae and cyanobacteria and their geochemical significance

https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90337-5Get rights and content

Abstract

3-Hydroxy acids were detected in pure cultured microalgae: Chlorophyta—Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Rhodophyta—Cyanidium caldarium (two strains), and cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta)—Anacystis nidulans, Phormidium foveolarum, Anabaena variabilis and Oscillatoria sp. Normal and branched (iso and anteiso) 3-hydroxy acids in the ranges of C8-C26 were found in all the samples studied at concentrations ranging from 0.036 to 2.3 and 0.000 to 0.12 mg g−1 of dry sample, respectively. The major constituents were generally even-carbon numbered normal acids with carbon chain lengths below C20. Microalgae and cyanobacteria may be the important sources of 3-hydroxy acids in natural environments.

References (32)

  • J.J. Boon et al.

    Significance and taxonomic value of iso and anteiso monoenoic fatty acids and branched β-hydroxy acids in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

    J. Bacteriol.

    (1977)
  • A.J. Burton et al.

    Purification and characterization of the Lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli

    Biochemistry

    (1964)
  • J.N. Cardoso et al.

    The use of cutin acids in the recognition of higher plant contribution to Recent sediments

  • G. Drews et al.

    Function, structure and composition of cell walls and external layers

  • R.P. Eganhouse et al.

    Extractable organic matter in urban stormwater runoff. 2. Molecular characterization

    Envir. Sci. Technol.

    (1981)
  • A. Katz et al.

    Chemical and biological studies on the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) of Anacystis nidulans

    Arch. Microbiol.

    (1977)
  • Cited by (36)

    • Hydroxy fatty acids in the surface Earth system

      2024, Science of the Total Environment
    • Potential of microalgal compounds in trending natural cosmetics: A review

      2020, Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy
      Citation Excerpt :

      The most known 3-hydroxy acid used in cosmetic formulation is citric acid (Kornhauser et al., 2012). In addition, it has been reported that A. variabilis, Anacystis nidulans, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Cyanidium caldarium, Phormidium foveolarum, and Oscillatoria species produce 2-hydroxy acids and 3-hydroxy acids and their extracts can serve as a promising candidates as a cosmetic (Matsumoto et al., 1984; Matsumoto and Nagashima, 1984). Also, exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by microalgae can be considered as a significant moisturizer product.

    • Hydroxy fatty acids in marine dissolved organic matter as indicators of bacterial membrane material

      2003, Organic Geochemistry
      Citation Excerpt :

      Minor amounts of hydroxy acids might derive from Gram positive bacteria (cf. Bacillus investigated here) or even microalgae. Matsumoto and coworkers (Matsumoto and Nagashima, 1984; Matsumoto et al., 1984, 1988) reported finding low levels of hydroxy acids in several freshwater red and green algae grown in axenic cultures. Within our limited sample set at 2°S in the Equatorial Pacific, there was no significant depth-related trend in UDOM hydroxy acid concentrations.

    • Lipid biomarker fluxes in the Arabian Sea, with a comparison to the equatorial Pacific Ocean

      2002, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
      Citation Excerpt :

      Often, the most abundant homolog was the ω-hydroxy-C22 acid, which in some instances was the most abundant compound in the entire acid fraction. Microalgae and cyanobacteria have been implicated as sources of hydroxy acids (Matsumoto and Nagashima, 1984; Matsumoto et al., 1984, 1988). Hydroxy acids also are produced by microbial oxidation of fatty acids (Lehninger, 1981) and are constituents of structural biopolymers of many microorganisms (Ratledge and Wilkinson, 1988).

    View all citing articles on Scopus
    View full text