Blink rate in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder
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The ocular surface in children: A review of current knowledge and meta-analysis of tear film stability and tear secretion in children
2019, Ocular SurfaceCitation Excerpt :All participants were aged 18 years and below (0–18years). Seven cross-sectional [17,18,24,39,54–56] and five case control studies [19,20,36,41,42] published between 1996 and 2017 were included in this review summary. The process of filtering the articles to determine their eligibility for the review is represented in Fig. 1.
The dopamine D<inf>1</inf> receptor agonist SKF-82958 effectively increases eye blinking count in common marmosets
2016, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Eye blinking can be spontaneous; without external stimuli or internal effort or reflex in response to an external stimulus, such as contact with the cornea [3]. A number of reports have shown that dopamine-associated central nerve system disorders, such as depression [4], panic disorders [5], attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder [6] and mild cognitive impairment [7] affect the rate of spontaneous blinking in humans. For example, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), having reduced dopamine levels, exhibit low spontaneous blinking rate compared to healthy people [8,9].
ADHD subjects fail to suppress eye blinks and microsaccades while anticipating visual stimuli but recover with medication
2014, Vision ResearchCitation Excerpt :Our results regarding blink rate are in line with previous studies, which found blink rates to be negatively correlated with arousal (Tanaka, 1999) and which increase with prolonged wakefulness (Barbato et al., 2007). However, our results are inconsistent with a previous study, which found lower than normal blink rates in unmedicated children with ADHD in a verbal recall task, and higher rates in these children taking medication (Caplan, Guthrie, & Komo, 1996). These opposing results could be attributed to differences in task and modality.
Protection from genetic diathesis in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Possible complementary roles of exercise
2013, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :Among the first to investigate the impact of exercise in individuals with ADHD, Tantillo et al.65 studied the rate of spontaneous eye blinks (SEB), the acoustic startle eye-blink response (ASER), and motor impersistence, as noninvasive measures sensitive to dopamine agonists, in 8- to 12-year-olds with and without ADHD. Although SEB and ASER had previously been used as sensitive measures of dopamine function in children with ADHD,70,71 no clear link between ASER and ADHD has been established in human beings. Both the ADHD and control group underwent 2 bouts of exercise and 1 rest condition on consecutive days.
Dopaminergic functioning and preschoolers' theory of mind
2010, NeuropsychologiaLow dimensional temporal organization of spontaneous eye blinks in adults with developmental disabilities and stereotyped movement disorder
2010, Research in Developmental Disabilities
This study was supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health grant KO1-MH00538 and NIMH R37 MH-45112.