Treatment of Blepharospasm with Botulinum Toxin
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2008, Dermatologic ClinicsCitation Excerpt :Botulinum toxin A (BOTOX, Allergan, Irvine, CA) is a purified complex of the neurotoxin produced from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. In the mid-1980s, clinical reports began to emerge regarding the therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin in blepharospasm and strabismus22–26 and, in 1989, the FDA approved BOTOX for these indications. In 1992, the first published cosmetic study reported that 16 of 17 subjects had a marked improvement of glabellar wrinkles after BOTOX injections into the corrugators or brow furrows and the result lasted 3–11 months.27
Botulinum toxin management of upper facial rhytidosis and blepharospasm
2005, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Botulinum toxin is now the mainstay of treatment for blepharospasm. The original articles on its use in blepharospasm [16,20–22] proved the effectiveness of botulinum toxin with a duration of 3 months in nonoperated patients and 4 to 6 months in previously operated patients. As described, botulinum toxin temporarily blocks the motor end plate by preventing the release of acetylcholine.
Reprint requests to Edward G. Buckley, M.D., Duke University Eye Center, P.O. Box 3802, Durham, NC 27710.