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Cross linked alginate gel beads as floating drug delivery system for cefdinir: optimization using Box–Behnken design

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Abstract

Regional absorption of several drugs necessitates the continuous monitoring of the movement of dosage form through gastro-intestinal tract. Sometimes it is important to deliver the drug at a particular physiological region of the gastrointestinal tract for better effects. Floating delivery system is a prominent approach to release the drug in the gastric fluid. The objective of present study was to formulate, evaluate and optimize cefdinir loaded intra-gastric floating beads of sodium alginate. Floating alginate beads were prepared by ionic gelation method according to Box–Behnken design with three factors varied at three levels. Uniform beads buoyant up to 24 h were formed with rough surface and porous internal structure. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric analysis and powder x-ray diffractometry suggested an excellent compatibility of drug with excipients and formulation process. The effect of selected independent variables [amount of sodium alginate (X1), myristyl alcohol (X2) and cefdinir (X3) each at three levels] on the dependent variables [density (Y1), entrapment efficiency (Y2), time to release 20 % (Y3), cumulative percentage of cefdinir released at 12th hour (Y4) and dissolution efficiency (Y5)] were studied using regression equations and response surface plots. The predicted and adjusted r 2 values were in reasonable agreement and the models were significant with p < 0.05. Criteria were set for each responses and optimized formulation was prepared according to the software determined levels. The predicted and observed responses were in good agreement with low percent bias errors (<10 %), marking the validity of the developed model. Thus, cefdinir loaded, extended release, intra-gastric floating gel beads of calcium alginate were formulated and optimized.

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Acknowledgments

This article does not contain any studies with human and animal subjects performed by any of the authors. All authors (Radhakrishnan Praveen, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma and Jerome Karippamattom George) declare that they have no conflict of interest. The authors are grateful to Sance Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Kerala, India for providing gift samples of CFD. The authors are also thankful to Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India and its central instrumentation facility for providing necessary facilities for the conduct of this work. One of the authors, Radhalrishnan Praveen, is thankful to UGC, New Delhi, India for financial assistance in the form of basic scientific research fellowship (Ref.: F.7-32/2007).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India

    Radhakrishnan Praveen, Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma, Sandeep Kumar Singh & Jerome Karippamattom George

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  1. Radhakrishnan Praveen
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  2. Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma
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  3. Sandeep Kumar Singh
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  4. Jerome Karippamattom George
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Correspondence to Sandeep Kumar Singh.

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Praveen, R., Verma, P.R.P., Singh, S.K. et al. Cross linked alginate gel beads as floating drug delivery system for cefdinir: optimization using Box–Behnken design. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 45, 187–199 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-014-0164-x

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