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Preparation of antibacterial peel-off facial mask formulation incorporating biosynthesized silver nanoparticles

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Abstract

The micro-organism-mediated nanoparticle synthesis is of great importance in the nano-field due to its economic viability, higher and easy bioaccumulation and the process can be scaled up relatively easily. The downstream processing and biomass handling are also facilitated. It is also known to occur naturally. In the current study, the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Bacillus nakamurai sp. (isolated from soil) is reported. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction to confirm AgNP formation. On characterizing the biosynthesized AgNPs with different analyzing tools, the spherical shape of particles with hydrodynamic size 379.2 nm was observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to establish an antibacterial peel-off facial mask formulation employing biosynthesized AgNPs. The current study has demonstrated the antibacterial activity of the prepared peel-off facial mask formulation against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. The antibacterial formulation exhibited the lowest susceptibility to all three bacterial strains and the zone of inhibition for the formulations ranged from 8\(\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\pm \hspace{0.17em} 0.1\) to 14 \(\pm \hspace{0.17em} 0.1 \text{mm}\). Besides, in the case of control formulation, no resistance to the bacterial strains was revealed. Furthermore, the cost estimation of the prepared antibacterial formulation has also been assessed.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from University Grants Commission (UGC), India, is gratefully acknowledged. Authors AUB and KIS thank UGC for their research fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400 019, India

    Amruta U. Badnore & Aniruddha B. Pandit

  2. Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400 019, India

    Karuna I. Sorde & Laxmi Ananthanarayan

  3. Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400 019, India

    Kirti A. Datir & Amit P. Pratap

Authors
  1. Amruta U. Badnore
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  2. Karuna I. Sorde
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  3. Kirti A. Datir
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  4. Laxmi Ananthanarayan
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  5. Amit P. Pratap
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  6. Aniruddha B. Pandit
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Correspondence to Aniruddha B. Pandit.

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Appendix A: Cost estimation of the preparation of antibacterial formulation

Appendix A: Cost estimation of the preparation of antibacterial formulation

  • Cost of chemicals

  1. 1.

    Silver nitrate: 25 g for Rs. 2900; so for 25 mg, cost is Rs. 2.9.

  2. 2.

    PEG 150 DS: 500 g for Rs. 530; so for 0.5 g, cost is Rs.0.53.

  3. 3.

    PVA, 125,000: 5 kg for Rs. 5000; so for 13 g, cost is Rs.13.

  4. 4.

    PVP K30: 500 g for Rs. 2500; so for 2.5 mg, cost is Rs. 0.0125.

  5. 5.

    HPLC water: 1 L is for Rs. 290; so for 300 ml, cost is Rs. 87.

  6. 6.

    Nutrient broth: 100 g for Rs. 500; so for 0.65 g, cost is Rs.6.56.

Above chemicals are required for the synthesis of 100 g of formulation containing 0.01% concentration (weight basis) of Ag on weight basis. Hence, total cost accounts for Rs. 110.00.

  • For Ag and formulation synthesis

Considering the cost of Rs. 15 for unit consumption of energy, i.e., for 3.6 × 106 J.

  1. 1.

    For sonication: 1763.93 J × 3 times = 5283 J, so cost is Rs. 0.22.

  2. 2.

    For centrifugation: 1 A × 230 V × 10 min × 60 s × 3 times = 4.14 × 105 J, so cost is Rs. 1.725.

  3. 3.

    For incubator: 0.037 A × 230 V × 5 days × 24 × 3600 = 3.67 × 106 J, so the cost is Rs. 15.318.

So total cost of Ag synthesis: 0.22 + 1.725 + 15.318 = Rs.17.263.

Total cost of 100 g antibacterial formulation preparation = cost of Ag synthesis + cost of chemicals = 108.08 + 17.263 = Rs. 125.343.

Cost of one-time use of antibacterial formulation, i.e., 1 g of antibacterial formulation = Rs. 1.25.

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Badnore, A.U., Sorde, K.I., Datir, K.A. et al. Preparation of antibacterial peel-off facial mask formulation incorporating biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Appl Nanosci 9, 279–287 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-0934-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-0934-2

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