Abstract
Despite its widespread use in poliovirus isolation, studies show that most RD cell line isolates are species B enteroviruses (EB), it was therefore employed to further catalogue the EB diversity in two different regions of Nigeria. Concentrates of 18 environmental samples were inoculated into RD cell line. Isolates were subjected to PCR assays to detect enteroviruses, species C and B members and partial VP1 gene which was subsequently sequenced and used for identification and phylogenetic analysis. Isolates were further passaged in L20B cell line to detect polioviruses. Sixty-eight isolates were recovered from the 18 concentrates, all of which were positive for the enterovirus 5′-UTR screen. Thirteen of the 68 isolates were positive for the species C screen and replicated in L20B cell line, eleven of which also contained species B enteroviruses. Some of the mixed isolates were successfully typed, but as species B members. In all, isolates recovered in this study were identified as CVB5, E6, E7, E11, E13, E19, E20, E33, EVB75 and WPV3, while some could not be typed. Alongside the ten different enterovirus serotypes confirmed, results of this study document for the first time in Nigeria, EVB75. It showed the EB bias of RD cell line might indicate something much more fundamental in its biology. Finally, the finding of WPV3 in a region considered low risk for poliovirus emphasizes the need to expand poliovirus environmental surveillance to enable early detection of poliovirus silent circulation before occurrence of clinical manifestations.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. M. O. Adewumi for thoughtful critique of our manuscript. We also thank the WHO National Polio Laboratory in Ibadan, Nigeria, for providing us with the L20B and RD cell lines and their results of the eight Northern Nigeria ES concentrates retrospectively analyzed in this study. TOCF is a PhD student studying the evolutionary dynamics of enteroviruses in Nigeria. This study is a part of his PhD work.
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Faleye, T.O.C., Adeniji, J.A. Enterovirus Species B Bias of RD Cell Line and Its Influence on Enterovirus Diversity Landscape. Food Environ Virol 7, 390–402 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-015-9215-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-015-9215-3