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Adenovirus and Norovirus Contaminants in Commercially Distributed Shellfish

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Abstract

Shellfish complying with European Regulations based on quantification of fecal bacterial indicators (FIB) are introduced into markets; however, information on viruses, more stable than FIB, is not available in the literature. To assess the presence of noroviruses (NoVs) GI and GII and human adenoviruses (HAdV) in domestic and imported mussels and clams (n = 151) their presence was analyzed during winter seasons (2004–2008) in north-west Spanish markets through a routine surveillance system. All samples tested negative for NoV GI and 13 % were positive for NoV GII. The role of HAdV as viral indicator was evaluated in 20 negative and 10 positive NoV GII samples showing an estimated sensitivity and specificity of HAdV to predict the presence of NoV GII of 100 and 74 % (cut-off 0.5). The levels of HAdV and NoVs and the efficiency of decontamination in shellfish depuration plants (SDP) were evaluated analyzing pre- and post-depurated mussels collected in May–June 2010 from three different SDP. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence and quantification of HAdV between pre- and post-depurated shellfish and between seawater entering and leaving the depuration systems. Moreover, infectious HAdV were detected in depurated mussels. These results confirm previous studies showing that current controls and depuration treatments limiting the number of FIB do not guarantee the absence of viruses in shellfish.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the University of Barcelona’s Scientific and Technical Services for sequencing the PCR products. The research described in the manuscript was supported by grants from the “Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia” of the Spanish Government (Project AGL2008-05275-C03-01, AGL2011-30461-C02-01, and A/017172/08) and the European Commission Framework Program 7 project “Integrated monitoring and control of foodborne viruses in European food supply chains (VITAL)” (Grant No. KBBE 213178) led by the coordination team of Nigel Cook (FERA, UK), Martin D’Agostino (FERA, UK), and Franco M. Ruggeri (ISS, Italy). The work was also possible for the support and cooperation of the Health Protection Agency, Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya. Anna Carratalà was a fellow of the Spanish Ministry of Science. We are grateful to Dr. D. Furones from the Centre d’Aquicultura, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), San Carles de la Ràpita, Spain, for assistance during the sampling in the Ebro River Delta area. C.R.M. Barardi was a fellowship from CNPq, V. Moresco and A.P.D. Ramos received support from AECID, Spain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano, Ayalkibet Hundesa, Byron Calgua, Anna Carratala, Carlos Maluquer de Motes, Marta Rusiñol, Rosina Girones & Sílvia Bofill-Mas

  2. Laboratory of Applied Virology, Microbiology, Inmunology and Parasitology, CCB, Federal Santa Catarina University (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil

    Vanessa Moresco, Ana Paula Ramos & Celia Regina Monte Barardi

  3. Health Protection Agency, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain

    Fernando Martínez-Marca

  4. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Miquel Calvo

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  1. Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano
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  2. Ayalkibet Hundesa
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  3. Byron Calgua
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  5. Carlos Maluquer de Motes
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  11. Celia Regina Monte Barardi
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  13. Sílvia Bofill-Mas
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Correspondence to Rosina Girones.

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Rodriguez-Manzano, J., Hundesa, A., Calgua, B. et al. Adenovirus and Norovirus Contaminants in Commercially Distributed Shellfish. Food Environ Virol 6, 31–41 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-013-9133-1

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