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Assessing Exposure of Fullerenes/Functionalized Fullerenes from Water: Risk, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps

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Abstract

Fullerenes may be introduced to water during the life cycle/processing/disposal of products leading to the exposure of fullerene to human beings. The review of human health risk assessment (HHRA) studies indicated that very few studies have focused on exposures of specific carbon-based materials from water medium, indicating a knowledge gap. To understand difficulty in conducting HHRA, this study focused on identifying knowledge gaps in occurrence and toxicity data for assessing exposure risks of fullerenes in water using published studies. Knowledge gaps in four important areas were observed: (i) levels of fullerenes in water and fish tissues, (ii) oral exposure of fullerene, (iii) dermal exposure of fullerene, and (iv) conditions used in toxicity studies. This study proposed suggestions for addressing these knowledge gaps which could aid in assessing health risks of fullerene exposures from water route.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India and Manav Rachna International University Faridabad, India for providing infrastructure and support to write this review.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, ManavRachna International University, Faridabad, India

    Jyoti Chawla

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Arun Kumar

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Chawla, J., Kumar, A. Assessing Exposure of Fullerenes/Functionalized Fullerenes from Water: Risk, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps. Expo Health 8, 177–192 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-015-0190-6

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