Zusammenfassung
Die Entwicklung von Immuntherapeutika hat eine lange Geschichte in der Tumortherapie. Zytokine stellten über längere Zeit den elementaren Baustein der Immuntherapie von Tumoren dar. Ihre Wirksamkeit war beschränkt und nur bei sog. immunogenen Tumoren nachweisbar, wie z. B. beim malignen Melanom oder Nierenzellkarzinom. Das Ziel der Immuntherapie war das Erreichen einer anhaltenden Remission, was allerdings nur bei einer Minderheit der Patienten erzielt werden konnte. Mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren ließ sich eine deutliche Verbesserung der klinischen Wirksamkeit und des Überlebens nachgeweisen. Aktuelle Studien erweitern das therapeutische Spektrum durch Inkorporation klassischer Medikamente der Tumortherapie, aber auch neuer Immuntherapeutika. Das Ziel ist die Entwicklung individueller Immuntherapien.
Abstract
The clinical development of immunotherapeutic agents has a long history in oncological treatment. Cytokines were the elementary foundations of immunotherapy for a long time; however, the effectiveness was limited and only detectable in so-called immunogenic tumors, such as malignant melanomas or renal cell carcinomas. The aim of immunotherapy is to achieve permanent remission, which, however, was only successful in the minority of patients. The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors resulted in a clear improvement in the clinical outcome of cancer patients as well as overall survival. Current clinical studies extend the spectrum of immunotherapy by incorporation of conventional medications for anti-tumor therapy as well as by novel immunotherapeutic drugs. The main goal is the development of individualized immunotherapy.
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V. Grünwald erhält Honorare von den Firmen Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) und Roche. Er ist als Berater für BMS und MSD tätig, wobei ihm die Reisekosten erstattet werden. Ferner erhält er Studienunterstützung von BMS, MSD und AstraZeneca.
Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
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Grünwald, V. Neue Studienprodukte in der onkologischen Immuntherapie. Forum 31, 398–401 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12312-016-0130-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12312-016-0130-9
Schlüsselwörter
- Checkpoint-Inhibitor
- „Programmed cell death 1 protein“
- CTLA-4-Protein, human
- Tumorbiomarker
- Therapieansprechen