Abstract
For a new anticancer drug carrier, we synthesized 4 compositions of amphiphilic stearic acidconjugated pullulan (SAP) and characterized them with FT-IR spectroscopy. Crystalline changes were verified by x-ray diffraction patterns before and after synthesis of the SAP conjugate. SAP nanoparticles were prepared by a diafiltration method, and the fluorescence spectroscopy using pyrene showed particle self-assembly in water. SAP nanoparticles were spherical in TEM photos, and particle size ranged between 200 ∼ 500 nm in photon correlation spectroscopy. Release of all-trans-retinoic acid from the SAP nanoparticles was maintained over 5 weeks. For further study in vivo, we tested the cytotoxicity of SAP nanoparticles using an MTT assay, and cytotoxicity was augmented as the molar mass of stearic acid increased in human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells. Therefore, SAP nanoparticles might be a promising longterm delivery carrier for hydrophobic therapeutic molecules with the appropriate composition.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bargoni, A., Cavalli, R., Caputo, O., Fundaro, A., Gasco, M. R., and Zara, G. P., Solid lipid nanoparticles in lymph and plasma after duodenal administration to rats. Pharm. Res., 15, 745–750 (1998).
Brannon-Peppas, L. and Blanchette, J. O., Nanoparticle and targeted systems for cancer therapy. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 56, 1649–1659 (2004).
Dave, B. S., Amin, A. F., and Patel, M. M., Gastroretentive drug delivery system of ranitidine hydrochloride: formulation and in vitro evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech, 5, 34 (2004).
Freitas, C. and Muller, R. H., Stability determination of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in aqueous dispersion after addition of electrolyte. J. Microencapsul., 16, 59–71 (1999).
Gref, R., Minamitake, Y., Peracchia, M. T., Trubetskoy, V., Torchilin, V., and Langer, R., Biodegradable long-circulating polymeric nanospheres. Science, 263, 1600–1603 (1994).
Hosseinkhani, H., Aoyama, T., Ogawa, O., and Tabata, Y., Liver targeting of plasmid DNA by pullulan conjugation based on metal coordination. J. Control. Release, 83, 287–302 (2002).
Jeong, Y., Nah, J.W., Na, K., Cho, C.S., and Kim, S.H., Self-assembling nanospheres of hydrophobized pullulans in water. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 25, 917–927 (1999).
Kim, I. S., Jeong, Y. I., and Kim, S. H., Self-assembled hydrogel nanoparticles composed of dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) macromer. Int. J. Pharm., 205, 109–116 (2000).
Kim, I. S. and Kim, S. H., Evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles composed of cholic acid and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol). Int. J. Pharm., 226, 23–29 (2001).
Kim, I. S. and Kim, S. H., Development of a polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery system. In vitro characterization of nanoparticles based on sugar-containing conjugates. Int. J. Pharm., 245, 67–73 (2002).
Kim, I. S. and Kim, S. H., Development of polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery systems: evaluation of nanoparticles based on biotinylated poly(ethylene glycol) with sugar moiety. Int. J. Pharm., 257, 195–203 (2003).
Lee, K. Y., Shin, S. C., and Oh, I. J., Fluorescence spectroscopy studies on micellization of poloxamer 407 solution. Arch. Pharm. Res., 26, 653–658 (2003).
Lee, K. M., Kim, I. S., Lee, Y. B., Shin, S. C., Lee, K. C., and Oh, I. J., Evaluation of transferrine-polyethylenimine conjugate for targeted gene delivery. Arch. Pharm. Res., 28, 722–729 (2005).
Na, K., Bum, L. T., Shin, E. K., Lee, Y. B., and Choi, H. K, Self-assembled nanoparticles of hydrophobically-modified polysaccharide bearing vitamin H as a targeted anticancer drug delivery system. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 18, 165–173 (2003).
Pandita, D., Ahuja, A., Velpandian, T., Lather, V., Dutta, T., and Khar, R. K., Characterization and in vitro assessment of paclitaxel loaded lipid nanoparticles formulated using modified solvent injection technique. Pharmazie, 64, 301–310 (2009).
Shenoy, D. B. and Amiji, M. M., Poly(ethylene oxide)-modified poly(epsiloncaprolactone) nanoparticles for targeted delivery of tamoxifen in breast cancer. Int. J. Pharm., 293, 261–270 (2005).
Shiokawa, T., Hattori, Y., Kawano, K., Ohguchi, Y., Kawakami, H., Toma, K., and Maitani, Y., Effect of polyethylene glycol linker chain length of folate-linked microemulsions loading aclacinomycin A on targeting ability and antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo. Clin. Cancer Res., 11, 2018–2025 (2005).
Sunamoto, J., Ushio, K., and Lai, D. T., Folate-modified cholesterol-bearing pullulan, a new cancer targeted nanoparticle drug carrier: synthesis and applications. J. Bioact. Compat. Polym., 21, 603–617 (2006).
Wilhelm, M., Zhao, C. L., Wang, Y., Xu, R., Winnik, M. A., Mura, J. L., Riess, G., and Croucher, M. D., Poly(styreneethylene oxide) block copolymer micelle formation in water: a fluorescence probe study. Macromolecules, 24, 1033–1040 (1991).
Xu, Z., Gu, W., Huang, J., Sui, H., Zhou, Z., Yang, Y., Yan, Z., and Li Y., In vitro and in vivo evaluation of actively targetable nanoparticles for paclitaxel delivery. Int. J. Pharm., 288, 361–368 (2005).
Zhang, Q., Yie, G., Li, Y., Yang, Q., and Nagai, T., Studies on the cyclosporine A loaded stearic acid nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm., 200, 153–159 (2000).
Zhang, H., Gao, F., Liu, L., Li, X., Zhou, Z., Yang, X., and Zhang, Q., Pullulan acetate nanoparticles prepared by solvent diffusion method for epirubicin chemotherapy. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 71, 19–26 (2009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, IS., Oh, IJ. Preparation and characterization of stearic acid-pullulan nanoparticles. Arch. Pharm. Res. 33, 761–767 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-010-0516-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-010-0516-7