Skip to main content
Log in

Citric Acid Cycle and Role of its Intermediates in Metabolism

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The citric acid cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats and amino acids. It is the most important metabolic pathway for the energy supply to the body. TCA is the most important central pathway connecting almost all the individual metabolic pathways. In this review article, introduction, regulation and energetics of TCA cycle have been discussed. The present study was carried out to review literature on TCA cycle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abdel-aleem, S., Nada, M. A., Sayed-Ahmed, M., Hendrickson, S. C., St Louis, J., Walthall, H. P., et al. (1996). Regulation of fatty acid oxidation by acetyl-CoA generated from glucose utilization in isolated myocytes. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 28(5), 825–833.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Akiba, T., Hiraga, K., & Tuboi, S. (1984). Intracellular distribution of fumarase in various animals. Journal of Biochemistry (Tokyo), 96, 189–195.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Baldwin, J. E., & Krebs, H. (1981). The evaluation of metabolic cycle. Nature, 292, 291–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bowtell, J. L., Marwood, S., Bruce, M., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2007). Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate pool size: Functional importance for oxidative metabolism in exercising human skeletal muscle. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N. Z.), 37(12), 1071–1088.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Briere, J. J., Favier, J., El Ghouzzi, V., Djouadi, F., Benit, P., Gimenez, A. P., et al. (2005). Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency in human. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 62, 2317–2324.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Costello, L. C., & Franklin, R. B. (1981). Aconitase activity, citrate oxidation, and zinc inhibition in rat ventral prostate. Enzyme, 26, 281–287.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Fonnum, F., Johnsen, A., & Hassel, B. (1997). Use of fluorocitrate and fluoroacetate in the study of brain metabolism. Glia, 21(1), 106–113.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Hellemond, J. J., Opperdoes, F. R., & Tielens, A. G. (2005). The extraordinary mitochondrion and unusual citric acid cycle in Trypanosoma brucei van. Biochemical Society Transactions, 33(5), 967–971.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Jones, J. G., Sherry, A. D., Jeffrey, F. M., Storey, C. J., & Malloy, C. R. (1993). Sources of acetyl-CoA entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle as determined by analysis of succinate 13C isotopomers. Biochemistry, 32(45), 12240–12244.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kamzolova, S. V., Shishkanova, N. V., Morgunov, I. G., & Finogenova, T. V. (2003). Oxygen requirements for growth and citric acid production of Yarrowia lipolytica. FEMS Yeast Research, 3(2), 217–222.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Krebs, H. A. (1970). The history of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 14(1), 154–170.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Melendez, E., Waddell, T., & Cascante, M. (1996). The puzzle of the citric acid cycle. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 43, 293–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Nazaret, C., Heiske, M., Thurley, K., & Mazat, J. P. (2009). Mitochondrial energetic metabolism: A simplified model of TCA cycle with ATP production. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 258(3), 455–464.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Reeds, P. J., Berthold, H. K., Boza, J. J., Burrin, D. G., Jahoor, F., Jaksic, T., et al. (1997). Integration of amino acid and carbon intermediary metabolism: Studies with uniformly labeled tracers and mass isotopomer analysis. European Journal of Pediatrics, 156(1), 50–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Srere, P. A. (1975). The enzymology of the formation and breakdown of citrate. Advanced Enzymology, 43, 57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wan, B., LaNoue, K. F., Cheung, J. Y., & Scaduto, R. C, Jr. (1989). Regulation of citric acid cycle by calcium. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264(23), 13430–13439.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Zatta, P., Lain, E., & Cagnolini, C. (2000). Effects of aluminum on activity of Krebs cycle enzymes and glutamate dehydrogenase in rat brain homogenate. European Journal of Biochemistry, 267(10), 3049–3055.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Akram.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Akram, M. Citric Acid Cycle and Role of its Intermediates in Metabolism. Cell Biochem Biophys 68, 475–478 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-013-9750-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-013-9750-1

Keywords

Navigation