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Functional Improvement in Rats’ Pancreatic Islets Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Through Antiapoptotic and Antioxidant Pathways

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Abstract

According to undiscovered toxicity and safety of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) in isolated pancreatic islet cells, this study was designed to examine the effects of its various concentrations on a time-course basis on the oxidative stress, viability, and function of isolated islets of rat’s pancreas. Pancreatic islets were isolated and exposed to different MgO NP (<100 nm) concentrations within three different time points. After that, oxidative stress biomarkers were investigated and the best exposure time was selected. Then, safety of MgO NPs was investigated by flow cytometry and fluorescent staining, and levels of insulin secretion and caspase activity were measured. The results illustrated a considerable decrease in oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels of pancreatic islets which were treated by MgO NPs for 24 h. Also, in that time of exposure, cell apoptosis investigation by flow cytometry and insulin test showed that MgO NPs, in a concentration of 100 μg/ml, decreased the rate of apoptotic cells via inhibiting caspase-9 activity and made a significant increase in the level of insulin secretion. Data of function and apoptosis biomarkers correlated with each other. It is concluded that the use of MgO NPs in concentration of as low as 100 μg/ml can induce antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and antidiabetic effects in rat pancreatic islets, which support its possible benefit in islet transplantation procedures.

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Abbreviations

AO:

Acridine orange

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

DCFH-DA:

2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate

EB:

Ethidium bromide

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant power

LPO:

Lipid peroxidation

MgO NPs:

Magnesium oxide nanoparticle

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

NPs:

Nanoparticles

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TAP:

Total antioxidant power

TBA:

Thiobarbituric acid

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

TPTZ:

2,4,6-Tripyridyl-s-triazine

UV-Vis:

Ultraviolet visible

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center of TUMS for the partial support of this study (Grant No.: 94-01-45-28957). The assistance of Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) is appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Shermineh Moeini-Nodeh, Mahban Rahimifard, Maryam Baeeri & Mohammad Abdollahi

  2. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Abdollahi

  3. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Clinical Endocrine Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Abdollahi

Authors
  1. Shermineh Moeini-Nodeh
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  2. Mahban Rahimifard
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  3. Maryam Baeeri
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  4. Mohammad Abdollahi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Abdollahi.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Shermineh Moeini-Nodeh and Mahban Rahimifard contributed equally to this work.

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Moeini-Nodeh, S., Rahimifard, M., Baeeri, M. et al. Functional Improvement in Rats’ Pancreatic Islets Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Through Antiapoptotic and Antioxidant Pathways. Biol Trace Elem Res 175, 146–155 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0754-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0754-8

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