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Evaluation of Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma

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Abstract

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), an age-related disorder of the eye, is associated with significant ophthalmic morbidity and can lead to pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG). The etiology of this disorder has not been clearly understood. Trace elements have been suggested to have roles in the pathogenesis of several disorders. This study aimed to determine whether trace element levels have a role in the development of PEX and/or PEG. Levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and strontium (Sr) were determined in serum samples of 32 cases of PEX, 30 cases of PEG, and 32 control subjects using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Mn, Mo, and Hg concentrations were found to be significantly increased in patients with PEX. Logistic regression revealed Mn and Hg as the strongest determinants of PEX and Mo as the strongest determinant of PEG in the studied Turkish subjects. Levels of Mn, Cr, Co, Mo, Al, Hg, Sr, Ni, V, and As were determined for the first time in these ophthalmological disorders. Increased levels of serum Mn, Mo, and Hg suggest a possible role of these elements in the pathobiology of PEX.

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Abbreviations

Al:

Aluminum

As:

Arsenic

Cd:

Cadmium

Cr:

Chromium

Co:

Cobalt

Cu:

Copper

Hg:

Mercury

Mn:

Manganese

Mo:

Molybdenum

Ni:

Nickel

PEX:

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome

PEG:

Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma

Se:

Selenium

Sr:

Strontium

V:

Vanadium

Zn:

Zinc

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank to the participants of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ophthalmology Department, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey

    Osman Melih Ceylan & Tarkan Mumcuoğlu

  2. Turkish Ministry of Health, National Public Health Agency, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey

    Birsen Can Demirdöğen & Osman Aykut

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  1. Osman Melih Ceylan
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  2. Birsen Can Demirdöğen
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  3. Tarkan Mumcuoğlu
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  4. Osman Aykut
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Correspondence to Birsen Can Demirdöğen.

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Ceylan, O.M., Can Demirdöğen, B., Mumcuoğlu, T. et al. Evaluation of Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma. Biol Trace Elem Res 153, 28–34 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9644-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9644-5

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