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The Emergence of Kidney Stone Disease During Childhood—Impact on Adults

  • Endourology (P Mucksavage, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The goal of this chapter is to review the recent epidemiologic trends of kidney stone disease and discuss the impact of the increasing incidence of nephrolithiasis among children on adults with respect to extra-renal manifestations, surgical management, and secondary prevention.

Recent Findings

Among pediatric patients, kidney stone disease has been increasing at a rate of approximately 5–10% annually. Kidney stone disease has been associated with increased risks of coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and decreased bone mineral density, which is concerning for patients diagnosed at a young age. Improvements in endo-urology have allowed for less invasive surgical treatment of stones in the pediatric population. However, current guidelines often lack recommendations for evaluation, medical, and surgical management of children with kidney stone disease.

Summary

Nephrolithiasis is a disorder of mineral metabolism, which is beginning during childhood with increasing frequency. Kidney stone disease often exists over the lifetime and is associated with serious conditions that are important for pediatric and adult urologists to recognize and consider in their evaluation and treatment of patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Jeremy R. Bonzo & Gregory E. Tasian

  2. Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Gregory E. Tasian

  3. Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, The Children’s Hospital Of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Gregory E. Tasian

  4. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Gregory E. Tasian

  5. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Gregory E. Tasian

  6. Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Wood Center, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Gregory E. Tasian

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  1. Jeremy R. Bonzo
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Correspondence to Gregory E. Tasian.

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Jeremy R. Bonzo declares no potential conflicts of interest.

Gregory E. Tasian reports grants from NIH-NIDDK (K23DK106428) and personal fees from Allena Pharmaceuticals.

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Bonzo, J.R., Tasian, G.E. The Emergence of Kidney Stone Disease During Childhood—Impact on Adults. Curr Urol Rep 18, 44 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-017-0691-x

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