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Nanotheragnostic Applications for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes: Improved Delivery for a Better Prognosis

  • Stroke (HP Adams, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a major cause of long-term severe disability representing a global health burden and one of the highly researched medical conditions. Nanostructured material synthesis and engineering have been recently developed and have been largely integrated into many fields including medicine. Recent studies have shown that nanoparticles might be a valuable tool in stroke. Different types, shapes, and sizes of nanoparticles have been used for molecular/biomarker profiling and imaging to help in early diagnosis and prevention of stroke and for drug/RNA delivery for improved treatment and neuroprotection. However, these promising applications have limitations, including cytotoxicity, which hindered their adoption into clinical use. Future research is warranted to fully develop and effectively and safely translate nanoparticles for stroke diagnosis and treatment into the clinic. This work will discuss the emerging role of nanotheragnostics in stroke diagnosis and treatment applications.

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Abbreviations

NP:

Nanoparticle

SAH:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

CT:

Computed tomography

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

DWI:

Diffusion-weighted imaging

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

CNS:

Central nervous system

SERS:

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering

PTT:

Photothermal therapy

tPA:

Tissue plasminogen activator

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

HHAuNPs:

Hyaluronic acids (HA) immobilized on gold nanoparticles

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

USPIO:

Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays

SR-PCT:

Synchrotron radiation X-ray phase computed tomography

MPI:

Magnetic particle imaging

RBCs:

Red blood cells

HO@MNPs:

Magnetic nanoparticles containing simple hydroxy groups

PtPFPP:

Pt(II)-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin

PA1:

Dye

PA2:

Poly(9,9-diheptylfluo-rene-alt-9,9-di-p-tolyl-9H-fluorene)

SPION:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle

QD:

Quantum dot

FA:

Folic acid

SPIO:

Superparamagnetic ion oxide

BrdU:

Bromodeoxyuridine

NSC:

Neural stem cell

PUE:

Puerarin

PBCN:

Poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles

shRNA:

Short hairpin RNA

PEG:

Poly(ethylene-co-glycol)

DGL:

Dermorphin-PEG-dendigraft poly-l-lysine

Ask1:

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1

RNAi:

RNA interference

PLGA-b-PEG:

Poly-(lactide-co-glycolide)-polyethyleneglycol nanoparticles

T3:

Triiodothyronine

CBSA-PEG-TIIA-NPs:

Cationic bovine serum albumin-conjugated tanshinone IIA PEGylated nanoparticles

TIIA:

Tanshinone IIA

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis alpha

IL-1β:

Interleukin 1 beta

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

IL-10:

Interleukin 10

TGF-β1:

Transforming growth factor beta 1

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

PPARγ:

Enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PLNs:

PEGylated-lipid nanoparticles

MRgFUS:

MRI-guided focused ultrasound

BNPs:

Brain-penetrating nanoparticles

PNIPAM:

Polymeric N-isopropyl acryl amide

DMC:

Demethoxycurcumin

BDMC:

Bisdemethoxycurcumin

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

QC:

Quercetin

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

PCBs:

Polychlorinated biphenyls

TLR4:

Toll-like receptor 4

TRAF6:

Tumor necrosis factor-associated factor 6

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Conflict of Interest

Tarek H. Mouhieddine, Muhieddine M. Itani, Amaly Nokkari, Changhong Ren, Georges Daoud, Asad Zeidan, Stefania Mondello, and Firas H. Kobeissy declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

    Tarek H. Mouhieddine

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Saint George University of London, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Muhieddine M. Itani

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Amaly Nokkari & Firas H. Kobeissy

  4. Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China

    Changhong Ren

  5. Xuanwu-Banyan Biomarker Research and Assay Center, 100053, Beijing, China

    Changhong Ren

  6. Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Georges Daoud & Asad Zeidan

  7. Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy

    Stefania Mondello

  8. Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, 100 S Newell Drive Rm: L4-100, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Firas H. Kobeissy

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  1. Tarek H. Mouhieddine
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  2. Muhieddine M. Itani
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  7. Stefania Mondello
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  8. Firas H. Kobeissy
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Correspondence to Firas H. Kobeissy.

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Tarek H. Mouhieddine and Muhieddine M. Itani contributed equally to this work.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Stroke

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Mouhieddine, T.H., Itani, M.M., Nokkari, A. et al. Nanotheragnostic Applications for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes: Improved Delivery for a Better Prognosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 15, 505 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-014-0505-1

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