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Influence of the Maillard Reaction on the Allergenicity of Food Proteins and the Development of Allergic Inflammation

  • Allergens (R. K. Bush & S. Vieths, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The Maillard reaction (MR) is a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and compounds with free amino groups such as proteins and takes place during thermal processing and storage of foods. This review aims to discuss potential effects of dietary MR products on the pathological mechanisms of allergic diseases.

Recent Findings

Since the MR leads to modification of proteins with various types of glycation structures, the impact of the MR on the immunogenicity and potential allergenicity of food proteins in many allergenic foods has been assessed. In addition, recent studies have suggested that the MR products, in particular “advanced glycation end products (AGEs),” contained in the diet may be involved in the development of chronic inflammation by acting as inflammatory components and affecting the gut microbiome.

Summary

This review found that the biological, immunological, and allergic properties of dietary MR products are diverse due to the complexity of the MR.

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Abbreviations

AGEs:

Advanced glycation end product

CML:

Nε-Carboxymethyl-lysine

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

DAMP:

Damage-associated molecular pattern

DCs:

Dendritic cells

MR:

Maillard reaction

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

RAGE:

The receptor for the advanced glycation end products

SCFA:

Short chain fatty acid

SR:

Scavenger receptor

TDM1:

Type 1 diabetes

TDM2:

Type 2 diabetes

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Acknowledgements

This study is supported by Kieikai Research Foundation and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Core-to-Core Program (A. Advanced Research Networks entitled “Establishment of international agricultural immunology research-core for a quantum improvement in food safety".

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Correspondence to Masako Toda.

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Toda, M., Hellwig, M., Henle, T. et al. Influence of the Maillard Reaction on the Allergenicity of Food Proteins and the Development of Allergic Inflammation. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 19, 4 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-019-0834-x

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