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Plant diversity reduces the effect of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure

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Abstract

It is unclear whether certain plant species and plant diversity could reduce the impacts of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil microbial structure and soil enzyme activities. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic diversity and microbial similarity in planted and unplanted soil under combined cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution. A metal hyperaccumulator, Brassica juncea, and a common plant, Festuca arundinacea Schreb, were used in this research. The results showed that microorganism quantity in planted soil significantly increased, compared with that in unplanted soil with Cd and Pb pollution. The order of microbial community sensitivity in response to Cd and Pb stress was as follows: actinomycetes>bacteria>fungi. Respiration, phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase activity were significantly inhibited due to Cd and Pb stress. Compared with unplanted soil, planted soils have frequently been reported to have higher rates of microbial activity due to the presence of additional surfaces for microbial colonization and organic compounds released by the plant roots. Two coexisting plants could increase microbe population and the activity of phosphatases, dehydrogenases and, in particular, ureases. Soil enzyme activity was higher in B. juncea phytoremediated soil than in F. arundinacea planted soil in this study. Heavy metal pollution decreased the richness of the soil microbial community, but plant diversity increased DNA sequence diversity and maintained DNA sequence diversity at high levels. The genetic polymorphism under heavy metal stress was higher in B. juncea phytoremediated soil than in F. arundinacea planted soil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Yang Gao & Jun Xia

  2. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Chiyuan Miao

  3. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China

    Yafeng Wang

  4. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Yang Gao, Liang Mao & Pei Zhou

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  1. Yang Gao
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  2. Chiyuan Miao
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  4. Liang Mao
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Correspondence to Yang Gao or Chiyuan Miao.

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Gao, Y., Miao, C., Xia, J. et al. Plant diversity reduces the effect of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 6, 213–223 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-011-0345-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-011-0345-z

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