Résumé
L’autisme, trouble neurodéveloppemental est caractérisé par des altérations sociocommunicatives, la présence de comportements stéréotypés et d’intérêts restreints. Jusqu’à une période récente, les personnes atteintes de trouble du spectre autistique (TSA) étaient considérées comme insensibles à la douleur. Les spécificités du fonctionnement autistique incluent des problèmes sensoriels qui, associés aux déficit cognitif et particularités communicationnelles, interrogent sur la nature réelle du lien existant entre la douleur et l’autisme. Les données de la littérature, peu nombreuses, mettent en évidence chez les autistes une hypersensibilité à la stimulation douloureuse et des modalités d’expression atypiques de la douleur. Ces éléments de compréhension, établissant notamment un lien entre comportement-problème et douleur, doivent nous permettre de repérer, évaluer, traiter la douleur et réduire les comportements-problèmes de ces personnes présentant un TSA. À partir des donnés, une méthode d’évaluation clinique spécifique de la douleur et des échelles ont pu être mises en place.
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communicative impairments and by the presence of stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests. Until recently, persons with ASD were considered insensitive to pain. The specifics of autistic functioning include sensory perceptual anomalies, which, associated with cognitive impairment and difficulties in communication, question the real nature of the relationship between pain and autism. Data from the literature, very few, highlight that persons with ASD are pain hypersensitive and the pain expression in these individuals abnormal. These new understanding elements establishing such a link between behavior disorders and pain should allow us to change the way we identify, assess, treat pain and some behavioral problems of individuals with ASD. From these elements, a specific clinical approach and assessment of pain can be promoted.
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Saravane, D., Mytych, I. Douleur et autisme. Douleur analg (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11724-017-0510-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11724-017-0510-7