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Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of the Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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Abstract

Rhombohedral Na3V2(PO4)3 with a Na+ superionic conductor structure was synthesized using a solid-state reaction method. Citric acid was used as a carbon resource for carbon-thermal reduction reaction to reduce the oxidation state of vanadium. The shape of Na3V2(PO4)3 particles is irregular and its average diameter is in the range 30–50 nm. The Na3V2(PO4)3 exhibits a superior cycling ability and rate capability. The discharge capacity retains 74.3% of the discharge capacity of its first cycle with coulombic efficiency of 99.3% after 100 cycles. The discharge capacity of Na3V2(PO4)3 at 10 C is 48.87 mAh g−1, which is 58.4% of the cell cycled at 0.1 C. Furthermore, the structure of Na3V2(PO4)3 is stable for a considerable amount of Na+ ions (2 mol of Na+ ions) insertion and extraction with only 0.42% difference of unit-cell volume between fully charged and discharged states. Na3V2(PO4)3 is a potential cathode material for sodium-ion battery applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Science Council in Taiwan under Contract Nos. NSC 103-2623-E-155-002-ET and MOST 104-2623-E-155-005-ET.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hanoi Architectural University, Km 10 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan Ward, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Nguyen Van Nghia

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, No. 135, Yuan-Tung Road, Chungli, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan

    Samuel Jafian & I-Ming Hung

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  1. Nguyen Van Nghia
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  2. Samuel Jafian
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  3. I-Ming Hung
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Correspondence to I-Ming Hung.

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Van Nghia, N., Jafian, S. & Hung, IM. Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of the Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries. J. Electron. Mater. 45, 2582–2590 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-4425-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-4425-5

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