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Bentonite-modified electrochemical sensors: a brief overview of features and applications

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Abstract

Bentonites are promising materials for electrochemical sensing because of their unique physicochemical properties. They have relatively high surface area, good adsorption and ion-exchange ability, highly tunable surface and interlayer composition, non-toxic nature, and excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, they are outstanding substrates for stable immobilization of different functional moieties. The primary focus of this review article is to highlight the applications of bentonite-modified electrodes for the analysis of organic and inorganic analytes in different matrices. A brief summary on the necessity of analysis of different compounds is provided. For the first time, features and applications of bentonite-modified electrodes are critically appraised. The key features of bentonite-modified electrodes that enhance their electrocatalytic activity toward detection of certain target analytes are highlighted. At the end, an account of current status of bentonite-modified electrodes along with future research directions is provided.

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Abbreviations

AAB:

Acid-activated bentonite

AB113:

Acid Blue 113

AdSLSV:

Adsorptive stripping linear sweep voltammetry

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

ASV:

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry

Au-bt:

AuNP/bentonite

AY17:

Acid Yellow 17

BCH:

Bentonite modified with HDTMA

BTMA+-B:

Benzyltrimethylammonium–bentonite

BV:

Hybrid of VXG + bentonite

CA:

Chronoamperometry

CMC:

Carboxymethylcellulose

CPE:

Carbon paste electrode

CPZ:

Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride

CV:

Cyclic voltammetry

DA:

Dopamine

dmbpy:

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine

DPV:

Differential pulse voltammetry

DTMA:

Dodecyl trimethylammonium

DZ:

Diazepam

ErGO:

Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide

GCE:

Glassy carbon electrode

GO:

Graphene oxide

HDME:

Hanging mercury drop electrode

HDTMA:

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide

HPW:

12-Ttungstophosphoric acid

IZ:

Isoniazid

LCAH:

Local clay modified with aluminum and HDTMA

LCH:

Local clay modified with HDTMA

LOD:

Limit of detection

LR2B:

Lanaset Red2B

MMT:

Montmorillonite

NPs:

Nanoparticles

phen:

1,10-Phenanthroline

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

SWAdCSV:

Square wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry

SWV:

Square wave voltammetry

TMA:

Tetramethylammonium

VXG:

Vanadium (V) oxide xerogels

WHO:

World health organization

ᅟ:

(Bentonite, bent, bt, B, all represent bentonite)

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Acknowledgements

The author gratefully acknowledges the support provided by CEW, KFUPM.

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  1. Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Muhammad Sajid

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  1. Muhammad Sajid
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Sajid, M. Bentonite-modified electrochemical sensors: a brief overview of features and applications. Ionics 24, 19–32 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-017-2201-z

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