Abstract
The nanosilicon connected by polypyrrole (PPy) and silver (Ag) particles was simply synthesized by a chemical polymerization process in order to prepare Si-based anodes for Li-ion batteries. The phase structure, surface morphology, and electrochemical properties of the as-synthesized powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. The cycle stability of the Si-PPy-Ag composites was greatly enhanced compared with the pure nanosilicon. A high capacity of more than 823 mA h g−1 was maintained after 100 cycles. The improved electrochemical characteristics are attributed to the volume buffering effect as well as effective electronic conductivity of the polypyrrole and silver in the composite electrode.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sandu I, Brousse T, Schleich DM (2003) Effect of nickel coating on electrochemical performance of graphite anodes for lithium ion batteries. Ionics 9:329
Trifonova A, Stankulov T, Winter M (2008) Study of metal-supported carbon matrix as a high-capacity anode for Li-ion battery. Ionics 14:421
Tarascon JM, Armand M (2001) Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature 414:359
Chan CK, Peng HL, Liu G, McIlwrath K, Zhang XF, Huggins RA, Cui Y (2008) High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires. Nat Nanotechnol 3:31
Yao J, Zhang P, Shen C, Aguey-Zinsou K, Wang L (2012) Three-dimensional macroporous Sn–Ag thin film anode prepared by electro-less reduction method: effect of micro-structure. Ionics. doi:10.1007/s11581-012-0748-2
Sato K, Noguchi M, Demachi A, Oki N, Endo M (1994) A mechanism of lithium storage in disordered carbons. Science 264:556
Wang Q, Li H, Chen LQ, Huang XJ (2002) Novel spherical microporous carbon as anode material for Li-ion batteries. Solid State Ion 152:43
Wu YP, Rahm E, Holze R (2003) Carbon anode materials for lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources 114:228
He XM, Pu WH, Ren JG, Wang L, Jiang CY, Wan CR (2007) Synthesis of nanosized Si composite anode material for Li-ion batteries. Ionics 13:51
Ren JG, He XM, Wang K, Pu WH (2010) The impact of carbon shell on a Sn-C composite anode for lithium-ion batteries. Ionics 16:503
Yang J, Takeda Y, Imanishi N, Yamamoto O (1999) Ultrafine Sn and SnSb0.14 powders for lithium storage matrices in lithium-ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 146:4009
Besenhard JO, Yang J, Winter M (1997) Will advanced lithium-alloy anodes have a chance in lithium-ion batteries? J Power Sources 68:87
Chan CK, Ruffo R, Hong SS, Huggins RA, Cui Y (2009) Structural and electrochemical study of the reaction of lithium with silicon nanowires. J Power Sources 189:34
Dimov N, Kugino S, Yoshio A (2004) Mixed silicon-graphite composites as anode material for lithium ion batteries influence of preparation conditions on the properties of the material. J Power Sources 136:108
Wang GX, Yao J, Liu HK (2004) Characterization of nanocrystalline Si-MCMB composite anode materials. Electrochem Solid state Lett 7:A250
Zuo PJ, Yang WG, Cheng XQ, Yin GP (2011) Enhancement of the electrochemical performance of silicon/carbon composite material for lithium ion batteries. Ionics 17:87
Yang XL, Wen ZY, Huang SH, Zhu XJ, Zhang XF (2006) Electrochemical performances of silicon electrode with silver additives. Solid State Ion 177:2807
Wang GX, Sun L, Bradhurst DH, Zhong S, Dou SX, Liu HK (2000) Nanocrystalline NiSi alloy as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. J Alloy Compd 306:249
Kim JW, Ryu JH, Lee KT, Oh SM (2005) Improvement of silicon powder negative electrodes by copper electroless deposition for lithium secondary batteries. J Power Sources 147:227
Ryu KS, Moon BM, Joo J, Chang SH (2001) Characterization of highly conducting lithium salt doped polyaniline films prepared from polymer solution. Polymer 42:9355
Cai JJ, Zuo PJ, Cheng XQ, Xu YH, Yin GP (2010) Nano-silicon/polyaniline composite for lithium storage. Electrochem Commun 12:1572
Habelhames F, Nessark B, Bouhafs D, Cheriet A, Derbal H (2010) Synthesis and characterisation of polypyrrole-indium phosphide composite film. Ionics 16:177
Chew SY, Guo ZP, Wang JZ, Chen J, Munroe P, Ng SH, Zhao L, Liu HK (2007) Novel nano-silicon/polypyrrole composites for lithium storage. Electrochem Commun 9:941
La HS, Park KS, Nahm KS, Jeong KK, Lee YS (2006) Preparation of polypyrrole-coated silicon nanoparticles. Colloid Surface A 272:22
Yang Y, Liu SM, Kimura K (2006) Superlattice formation from polydisperse Ag nanoparticles by a vapor-diffusion method. Angew Chem Int Edit 45:5662
Bhat NV, Gadre AP, Bambole VA (2001) Structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of electropolymerized polypyrrole composite films. J Appl Polym Sci 80:2511
Rinaldi AW, Kunita MH, Santos MJL, Radovanovic E, Rubira AF, Girotto EM (2005) Solid phase photopolymerization of pyrrole in poly(vinylchloride) matrix. Eur Polym J 41:2711
Ye SJ, Fang L, Lu Y (2009) Contribution of charge-transfer effect to surface-enhanced IR for Ag@PPy nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11:2480
Menkin S, Golodnitsky D, Peled E (2009) Artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) for improved cycle ability and safety of lithium-ion cells for EV applications. Electrochem Commun 11:1789
Lai C, Li GR, Dou YY, Gao XP (2010) Mesoporous polyaniline or polypyrrole/anatase TiO(2) nanocomposite as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 55:4567
Dimov N, Fukuda K, Umeno T, Kugino S, Yoshio M (2003) Characterization of carbon-coated silicon—tructural evolution and possible limitations. J Power Sources 114:88
Obrovac MN, Krause LJ (2007) Reversible cycling of crystalline silicon powder. J Electrochem Soc 154:A103
Lee YM, Lee JY, Shim HT, Lee JK, Park JK (2007) SEI layer formation on amorphous si thin electrode during precycling. J Electrochem Soc 154:A515
Dai HJ, Hafner JH, Rinzler AG, Colbert DT, Smalley RE (1996) Nanotubes as nanoprobes in scanning probe microscopy. Nature 384:147
Hwang SM, Lee HY, Jang SW, Lee SM, Lee SJ, Baik HK, Lee JY (2001) Lithium insertion in SiAg powders produced by mechanical alloying. Electrochem Solid state Lett 4:A97
Kim I, Blomgren GE, Kumta PN (2003) Nanostructured Si/TiB2 composite anodes for Li-ion batteries. Electrochem Solid state Lett 6:A157
Jing SY, Xing SX, Yu LX, Zhao C (2007) Synthesis and characterization of Ag/polypyrrole nanocomposites based on silver nanoparticles colloid. Mater Lett 61:4528
Feng XM, Huang HP, Ye QQ, Zhu JJ, Hou WH (2007) Ag/Polypyrrole core-shell nanostructures: interface polymerization, characterization, and modification by gold nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 111:8463
Yang XL, Wen ZY, Huang SH, Zhu XJ, Zhang XF (2006) Electrochemical performances of silicon electrode with silver additives. Solid State Ion 177:2807
He BL, Dong B, Li HL (2007) Preparation and electrochemical properties of Ag-modified TiO2 nanotube anode material for lithium–ion battery. Electrochem Commun 9:425
Wang F, Yao G, Xu MW, Zhao MS, Zhang PX, Song XP (2011) Ag-Sb composite prepared by chemical reduction method as new anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Mater Sci Eng B 176:442
Yu Y, Gu L, Zhu CB, Tsukimoto S, Van Aken PA, Maier J (2010) Reversible storage of lithium in silver-coated three-dimensional macroporous silicon. Adv Mater 22:2247
Yin JT, Wada M, Yoshida S, Ishihara K, Tanase S, Sakai T (2003) New Ag-Sn alloy anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 150:A1129
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant no. 20506024) and the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant no. 2007CB216409), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. LQ12B01003) and Zhejiang University of Technology start-up fund (Grant no.101009529).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yao, J., Jia, Z., Zhang, P. et al. Preparation of Si-PPy-Ag composites and their electrochemical performance as anode for lithium-ion batteries. Ionics 19, 401–407 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-012-0762-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-012-0762-4