Abstract
Because ibuprofen is a high consumption drug, which has the waters as its final destination, causing alterations in the aquatic environment, specifically in fish. However, there is not enough knowledge about the effect it can have on neotropical fish. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different concentrations of ibuprofen on sperm quality, both in vivo and in vitro, of the striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, and analyze its effects on the reproduction of this critical extinction endangered species. For this purpose, three groups of fish, with a mean weight of 2.3 ± 0.6 kg and mean total length of 62.9 ± 6.1 cm, were placed in tanks (3 fish/tank) with water at concentrations of 0 (control), 25, and 50 μg/L of ibuprofen for 4 months. For the analysis of sperm quality for each treatment (in vivo), the males were selected in the spermiation phase. Also, the semen from the control group was used for in vitro tests and activated with type I water solutions containing 0, 25, and 50 μg/L of ibuprofen. In the in vivo and in vitro tests, when fish and semen were treated to 50 μg/l, the seminal quality of striped catfish was statistically different from the other treatments. For this study, it was shown that ibuprofen at concentrations of 50 μg/L can cause a significant reduction in sperm quality and, therefore, a threat to the reproduction of P. magdaleniatum.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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To the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia for the financing of project code 111569944244, contract FP 44842 No. 223 of 2015. The GDCON group of the University of Antioquia and the University of Córdoba are also thanked for their role in funding the project.
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Sara Elisa Gallego-Ríos performed activities related to methodology, formal analysis, investigation, and writing-original draft. Víctor Julio Atencio-García performed activities related to methodology, conceptualization, supervision, and writing–review and editing. Gustavo Antonio Peñuela was involved in the funding acquisition, resources, conceptualization, supervision and project administration and writing–review and editing. All authors contributed to writing the manuscript
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The fish used for the study were caught with the authorizations required by current regulations, Framework Permit issued by the Autoridad Colombiana de Licencias Ambientales (ANLA) in Resolution 1461 of December 3, 2014. The number of samples was determined based on the considerations of the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of the Universidad de Antioquia, Act 89 of May 29, 2014. According to the Act, the number of fish used in the experiment should be the minimum required, to minimize the impact on the number of these fish, which have been devastated in recent decades. All animal experiments were conducted according to Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament (Official Journal of the European Union 2010).
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Gallego-Ríos, S.E., Atencio-García, V.J. & Peñuela, G.A. Effect of ibuprofen in vivo and in vitro on the sperm quality of the striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 36133–36141 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13245-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13245-6