Abstract
Effective pesticide remediation technology demands amendments in the advanced oxidation process for its continuous treatment and catalyst recovery. The evidence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), an herbicide in water bodies, poses a major environmental threat to both humans and aquatic organisms. In the present study, a recirculation type photocatalytic reactor was developed to treat 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using chitosan-TiO2 beads prepared via impregnation method under UV light. At optimized conditions, chitosan-TiO2 beads showed a maximum photocatalytic degradation of 86% than commercial TiO2 (65%) and followed pseudo first-order reaction. The 2,4-D degradation follows pseudo first-order kinetics under UV irradiation with a rate constant of 0.12 h−1, and the intermediates were identified using LCMS analysis. The total operational cost of the chitosan-TiO2 catalyst was found to be profitable (Rs. 1323 for 2 L) than that of TiO2 (Rs. 1679) at optimized conditions. The beads were reusable up to 4 consecutive cycles without loss in efficiency. This study briefs photocatalytic removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in a recirculation-type reactor for its reliability, low cost, efficiency, reusability, and commercialization.
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The authors are grateful to the Nanotechnology Research Centre (NRC) and SRM Central Instrumentation Facility (SCIF) of the SRM Institute of Science & Technology for its facilities. The characterization was partially supported from a Startup Research Grant with File no DST/SERB/SRG/001396/ES.
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K.G. conceived the original idea. A.B. performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript with support from A.S. and K.G. All of the authors provided critical feedback and helped to shape the research, analysis, and manuscript. K.G. and A.S. supervised the project.
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Balakrishnan, A., Gopalram, K. & Appunni, S. Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid by TiO2 modified catalyst: kinetics and operating cost analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 33331–33343 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12928-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12928-4