Abstract
This study aims to assess microbiological contamination using a molecular tool for detection of multiple enteropathogens in a coastal ecosystem area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ten litres of superficial water samples were obtained during the spring ebb tide from sampling sites along the Jacarepaguá watershed. Samples were concentrated using skimmed milk flocculation method for TaqMan array card (TAC), designed to identify 35 enteric pathogens simultaneously, and single TaqMan qPCR analysis for detecting human adenovirus (HAdV) and JC human polyomavirus (JCPyV) as faecal indicator viruses (FIV). TAC results identified 17 enteric pathogens including 4/5 viral species investigated, 8/15 bacteria, 4/6 protozoa and 1/7 helminths. Escherichia coli concentration was also measured as faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) using Colilert Quanti-Tray System with positivity in all samples studied. HAdV and JCPyV qPCR were detected in 8 and 4 samples, respectively, with concentration ranging from 8 × 102 to 2 × 106 genome copies/L. Partial nucleotide sequencing demonstrated the occurrence of species HAdV A, C, D, and F, present in faeces of individuals with enteric and non-enteric infections, and JCPyV type 3 (Af2), prevalent in a high genetically mixed population like the Brazilian. The diversity of enteropathogens detected by TAC emphasizes the utility of this methodology for quick assessment of microbiological contamination of the aquatic ecosystems, speeding up mitigation actions where the risk of the exposed population is detected, as well as pointing out the infrastructure gaps in areas where accelerated urban growth is observed.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thanks technical and field staff Adriana Gonçalves Maranhão, Fernando César Ferreira, Márcia Maria Araújo Pimenta and Sérgio de Silva e Mouta Júnior (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, RJ, Brazil) for help with sample collection and processing. We thank Professor Eric Robert Houpt and Dr Liu Jie (Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA) for contribution to supplies and data analysis of TAC methodology. PDTIS DNA Sequence Platform staff at FIOCRUZ for technical support in sequencing reactions
Funding
This work was supported by Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (PAEF), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro (Faperj-E-26/202.821/2018), Conselho de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq-Universal-406414/2016-5), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001 and Rotanetwork University of Virgina/CDC/PAHO/WHO. This research study is under the scope of the activities of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) as a collaborating centre of PAHO/WHO of Public and Environmental Health.
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All authors critically revised the article for important intellectual content and approved all components of the final draft. Lorena da Graça Pedrosa de Macena contributed with performing development and design of the methodology, visualization of data and writing the original draft. Renato Castiglia Feitosa conceptualized and collaborated with data curation. Carmen Baur Vieira conceptualized and designed of the methodology. Irene Trigueiros Araújo in performing and investigation of TaqMan array card Methodology. Mami Tanuichi provided resources for TAC. Marize Pereira Miagostovich contributed with the supervision, project management and financing acquisition.
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Pedrosa de Macena, L.d., Castiglia Feitosa, R., Vieira, C.B. et al. Microbiological assessment of an urban lagoon system in the coastal zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 1170–1180 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10479-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10479-8